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Robust Optimization-based Inventory Level and Allocation Strategy for Sharing Platform under Service Level Constraint Qiu Ruozhen, Ji Yuanyuan, Shao Songshi Management Review    2023, 35 (6): 275-287.   Abstract （139）      PDF （1714KB）（2010）       Knowledge map    Assuming there is a supply chain composed of a single inventory sharing platform and multiple retailers, this paper studies the optimal inventory level and allocation strategies of the inventory sharing platform with and without demand information sharing. A robust optimization model is established, with the retailer's service level constraint taken into consideration and only demand mean and variance information known. Under the condition of information sharing, the inventory sharing platform can accurately obtain the retailers' demand mean and variance. The retailer's service level constraint is transformed into an easy-to-handle chance constraint problem. Under that condition, the optimal inventory level and allocation strategies are deduced, and the changes of the strategies with the changes of the related parameters are analyzed. Under the condition of not sharing demand information, the inventory sharing platform only knows the uncertain set of the retailers' demand mean and variance. In particular, the ellipsoidal uncertain set is used to describe the mean and variance of uncertain demand, the dual theory is used to transform the inventory optimization model and studies are conducted to analyze the impact of information sharing on the optimal inventory level and allocation strategy. The results show that, under different information conditions, the inventory level of the inventory sharing platform increases with the increase of the mean, variance and service level requirements; the information shared by the retailers has a positive impact on the inventory optimization of the inventory sharing platform, namely, the better information sharing among the retailers, the lower inventory level on the inventory sharing platform; when the retailers do not share information, the inventory level of the inventory sharing platform increases with the uncertainty of mean and variance increases, and the uncertainty of mean has a greater impact on the inventory level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cyclical Transition Characteristics of the Bull and Bear States in China's Stock Market: Based on the DMCPSO-HSMM Model Yang Jie, Feng Yun, Yang Hao Management Review    2024, 36 (11): 3-13.   Abstract （271）      PDF （3327KB）（1898）       Knowledge map    This paper studies the periodic transition of the state of China’s stock market and discusses the time-varying distribution characteristics of returns of CSI300 in depth. By introducing the dynamic population reorganization based on the K-means + + clustering algorithm and the chaotic search strategy into the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, a dynamic multi-population chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, and the initial values of hidden semi-Markov model are further optimized based on this algorithm. The empirical analysis shows that there exist three states in China’s stock market, namely the bear, bull, and volatile markets. A bull market generally follows a bear market, and after a bullish situation, the market has a greater probability of turning to a volatile situation. The volatile state and the bearish state play key roles in the leptokurtic and heavy-tailed characteristics of the stock market, respectively. Based on the decoding results, a mode transformation network is constructed using the coarse-grained method, and key hub modes are identified. Further analysis is conducted on the co-movement of bull and bear states of large-, medium-, and small-cap stocks. There is a significant cyclical polarization between large-cap and medium-or small-cap stocks. Finally, we propose a more accurate out-of-sample forecasting method for the hidden semi-Markov model and prove the practical value of our model via a simple market timing strategy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Technology Adoption and Employment Structure: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies Guan Rong, Wang Heting, Wang Huijuan Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 3-15.   Abstract （274）      PDF （1242KB）（198）       Knowledge map    The transformation and development of enterprises applying digital technology is the kernel guarantee to promote the high-quality development of China’s digital economy, and the resulting impact and influence on the micro labor market is an issue that needs to be urgently resolved for the development of the country’s major strategies. Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2020, this paper takes a micro perspective to explore the impact of digital technology application on the employment structure of enterprises and the mechanism underlying the impact. It is found that the application of digital technology has an “inverted U-shaped” relationship with the total number of employees and the number of unskilled employees, but there is a significant positive relationship with the number of skilled employees, indicating that the application of digital technology can help optimize the employment structure of enterprises and thus has an empowering effect. Further analysis reveals that the application of digital technology affects the employment structure of enterprises mainly by enhancing innovation capability, affecting the level of skill premium, and improving productivity. The spillover effect of digital technology on enterprises varies significantly, depending on their production scale, social burden and likelihood of being substituted. The relevant conclusions bring more empirical support for clarifying the mechanism of how digital technology influences the employment structure of enterprises, and provide certain policy insights for promoting the integration of digital technology with the real economy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Inclusive Leadership on Employees' Proactive Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Organizational-based Self-esteem and Error Management Climate Kong Liang, Li Xiyuan, Zhang Fawang    2020, 32 (2): 232-243.   Abstract （536）      PDF （1207KB）（1511）       Knowledge map    In the new normal economic background, an employer expects its employees not only to meet basic job requirements, but also to break through routine work requirements by showing initiative and thinking proactively to help their company respond effectively to environmental challenges. Globalization has brought about an increase in cross-regional population flows. The new generation of employees has gradually become the main force in the workplace, and staff in the workplace is becoming increasingly diversified. In view of the diversification of employees, a challenge that management team has to face is to find out how to carry out diversified management and give full play to the diversification of the employees' work initiative. This issue has also attracted the attention of academia. Inclusive leadership can inspire the initiative of diversified employees because of its openness, availability, and accessibility. Based on the theory of self-determination, this paper constructs a multiple mediator model with organizational self-esteem and error management climate to explore the influencing mechanism of inclusive leadership on employees' proactive behavior in organizations. Data are collected through paired questionnaire survey of 67 team leaders and 304 employees. The results show that inclusive leadership has a positive effect on employees' proactive behavior. HLM results reveal that organizational-based self-esteem and error management climate play a full mediating role between the two in the individual and the team level. The conclusion of the research reveals the influencing path of inclusive leadership on employees' proactive behavior. This not only confirms the inclusive leadership has the characteristics of fault tolerance, but also enriches the research of the influence factor of error management climate. At the same time, this research also confirms the positive effect of the error management climate on the employee's proactive behavior, and provides a theoretical reference and management inspiration for the cultivation of the leadership's inclusiveness and the construction of organizational error management climate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analytical Framework of Derivatives Sniper Attack Risk Based on the Case Study of Tsingshan Group’s Forced Liquidation Incident in LME Nickel Xu Yang, Bu Hui Management Review    2024, 36 (2): 257-272.   Abstract （309）      PDF （3628KB）（579）       Knowledge map    The nickel futures prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME) experienced a sharp surge during the two trading days from March 7th to 8th, 2022. As a result, Tsingshan Holdings Group, a Chinese company heavily involved in nickel hedging, suffered a significant loss, which marks another risk event where a domestic enterprise participating in overseas derivative trading was targeted by international capital. This paper provides a detailed case analysis of the sniper activity among “LME nickel futures incidents”, and proposes an analytical framework for analyzing sniper events and sniper risk in the futures market from four dimensions: objective conditions, market environment, sniper strategies, and sniper motivation behind. The study reveals that the weak physical delivery capacity caused by cross-hedging became an objective condition for Tsingshan Group to be targeted, and the market environment of low-level nickel inventories triggered by geopolitical risks further limited Tsingshan Group's inventory control and delivery capacity. The design of LME contracts exposes trading positions and motivations, while the LME trading system facilitates short-term price manipulation and other sniper behaviors, allowing the inference of the using contract, timing, and price manipulation ways employed in this sniper attack. Analysis of large position reports reveals that the essence of this sniper attack may be a battle for nickel resources. Finally, this study utilizes event analysis to confirm that the sharp increase in nickel futures prices on March 7th, 2022, was driven by trading factors rather than fundamental factors. The analytical framework proposed in this research, which combines case analysis, data analysis, and empirical analysis, is of significant value in identifying sniper risks, recognizing market manipulation, and better evaluating related risks for early warning and prevention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Double-edged Effects of Coworkers’ After-hours Electronic Communication Expectations on Employees’ Job Performance Liu Xin, Dong Jingni, Ge Yuhan Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 131-142.   Abstract （68）      PDF （1264KB）（77）       Knowledge map    In the digital age, after-hours electronic communication expectations (AECE) are increasingly prevalent. While existing research has explored the impact of leaders’ AECE on employees’ job performance, limited attention has been paid to coworkers’ AECE. Guided by the transactional theory of stress, we argue that coworkers’ AECE as a workplace stressor can result in either challenge or hindrance appraisal that subsequently influences employees’ job performance in a positive or negative manner. Further, we propose that reward interdependence serves as a key moderator in the above-mentioned pathways. Specifically, when reward interdependence is higher, employees are more likely to develop challenge appraisal in the face of coworkers’ AECE, which promotes their job performance. In comparison, when reward interdependence is lower, employees tend to develop hindrance appraisal in the face of coworkers’ AECE, which inhibits their job performance. To test these hypotheses, we collect two-wave survey data from 328 employees and their 65 direct leaders in a construction company. The results of multilevel path analysis fully support our hypotheses. Overall, by introducing the transactional theory of stress to explore the “double-edged” effects of coworkers’ AECE on employees’ job performance, our research offers novel theoretical contributions to the after-hours electronic communication literature. In addition, our findings can also provide crucial insights for organizations to handle AECE more effectively in practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Double-edged Sword Effect in Organizational Behavior Research: Typical Patterns and Strategy Suggestions Zhang Jiaojiao, Luo Wenhao Management Review    2022, 34 (9): 195-207.   Abstract （551）      PDF （1371KB）（1674）       Knowledge map    Mainstream organizational scholars tend to look at either the positive or negative influence of independent variables on dependent variables. However, this simple approach contrasts with the complicated phenomena in management practices. It is also less conducive to the meaningful integration of different studies. As a result, research on the double-edged sword effect has emerged in recent years. Though there are increasing studies examining the double-edged sword effect, it is worth noting that the interpretation of the effect remains unclear, the underlying mechanism is ambiguous, and the corresponding research pattern is often inappropriately used. By systematically analyzing 137 organizational behavior studies demonstrating the double-edged sword effect in both Chinese and English, this study clarifies the nature of the double-edged sword effect, identifies two major motives for conducting research on the topic, and classifies the existing research pattern into three main types (direct effect, indirect effect and moderating effect) and six sub-types. This study also offers five explanations of the potential theoretical basis for research on the double-edged sword effect. Finally, we offer practical suggestions for future researches. The present study is expected to demonstrate the potential contribution of researches on the double-edged sword effect, and to inspire more valuable future studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Capital Market Internationalization and Corporate Financialization—Empirical Evidence from A-share Inclusion in Mingsheng Indexes Dai Pengyi, Yang Shenggang, Liu Quanrui, Xing Enze Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 16-26.   Abstract （90）      PDF （1187KB）（71）       Knowledge map    This paper selects Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021 as the research sample, and uses the inclusion of A-shares in the Mingsheng Emerging Markets Index (MSCI) in 2018 as a quasi-natural experiment of capital market internationalization, and employs a double-difference model to examine the impact of capital market internationalization on corporate financialization and its mechanism. Capital market internationalization is found to significantly reduce corporate financialization. The mechanism test finds that capital market internationalization has a positive governance effect on corporate financialization by enhancing the information content of stock prices and the efficiency of information transmission, increasing the transparency of corporate information and alleviating corporate financing constraints. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the governance effect of capital market internationalization on firms’ allocation of financial assets is more pronounced among non-state-owned firms and firms exposed to stronger industry competition. Further research finds that capital market internationalization can contribute to the improvement of firms’ total factor productivity by inhibiting firms’ financialization. The research in this paper provides new theoretical support for how capital market internationalization can stop economic entities being distracted from their intended purpose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain and the Cost of Corporate Debt Chen Yunsen, Dai Xin, He Yurun Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 167-180.   Abstract （57）      PDF （2350KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain is an industrial policy with distinctive Chinese institutional characteristics implemented by local governments in response to environmental uncertainties under a “dual circulation” development pattern, which is of great significance to high-quality economic development. Based on the samples of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023, this paper explores the microeconomic consequences of implementing the Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain from the perspective of cost of corporate debt. The empirical results indicate that this policy can effectively reduce corporate debt cost. These effects are more pronounced in scenarios where the government places a higher level of importance, as well as in midstream industries, non-leading enterprises, private enterprises, and those with higher levels of financing constraints. Further analysis reveals that the Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain reduces corporate debt cost by mitigating corporate debt risk, enabling companies to secure more long-term debt financing and enjoy longer debt maturities. The conclusion verifies the positive effects of the Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain.This paper enriches the literature on industrial policy and the cost of corporate debt, and has great practical significance. On the one hand, this paper provides new evidence support for the subsequent in-depth implementation of the industrial policy which ensures better alignment between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, and responds to the requirement of “enhancing the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains” put forward at the 20th CPC National Congress. On the other hand, the research results of this paper show that the implementation of the Chain Chief System in the Industrial Chain can reduce corporate debt cost, which also has important reference value for improving the financing ability of enterprises, maintaining the normal operation and long-term development of enterprises, and achieving high-quality development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Forecasting the Volatility of Chinese Crude Oil Market Based on Geopolitical Risk Yang Kun, Wei Yu, Li Shouwei, Liu Liang Management Review    2023, 35 (1): 16-31.   Abstract （235）      PDF （1473KB）（979）       Knowledge map    Frequent geopolitical events in recent years are often regarded as a main cause of the intense fluctuations in crude oil market. Therefore, this paper first uses the GARCH-MIDAS-GPR-type models which incorporate geopolitical risk (GPR) indexes to analyze the impacts of the geopolitical risks of different countries, categories and severity on Chinese oil market volatility and the forecasting accuracy of the models. Then, the robustness of conclusions is further discussed from six perspectives: volatility forecasting with different lengths, volatility forecasting before and after the launch of Chinese crude oil futures, alternative basic model, direction-of-change of crude oil volatility forecasts, crude oil risk forecasting and portfolio management. Furthermore, three macroeconomic uncertainties and six economic policy uncertainties are introduced to compare how helpful different uncertainties are for prediction. The empirical results show that, first, the country-specific, overall and serious GPR indexes have significantly positive effects on the long-run volatility of Chinese crude oil market. Second, geopolitical risk indicators contribute to improving the accuracy of Chinese oil volatility forecasts to varying degrees, and the three GPR indexes which reflect the overall geopolitical risk of the world perform better than other GPR indexes. Finally, compared with the commonly used macroeconomic uncertainties and economic policy uncertainties, geopolitical risk can provide most useful information for forecasting crude oil volatility. All the above-mentioned conclusions are robust in statistical accuracy and applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Charismatic Leadership on Followership: A Moderated Mediation Model Jia Jianfeng, Niu Xueyan, Zhao Ruonan, Li Zhigang Management Review    2021, 33 (6): 181-191.   Abstract （537）      PDF （1244KB）（816）       Knowledge map    With the flat development of organizations and the embodiment of the value of human capital, employees’ followership has increasingly become a key to enhancing enterprise competitiveness and maximizing corporate benefits. As an influential factor, charismatic leadership style plays an important role in inspiring followership. Based on the conservation of resources theory, this research collects a sample of 223 employees’ data by questionnaire at three time points. Hierarchical regression and bootstrap are adopted to reveal the relationship between charismatic leadership and followership, the mediating effect of psychological availability and the moderating effect of perceived human resource management strength, thus building a moderated mediation model. The research shows: Firstly, charismatic leadership has a positive influence on followership. Secondly, psychological availability partially mediates the relationship between charismatic leadership and followership. Thirdly, perceived human resource management strength plays a positive moderating role between charismatic leadership and psychological availability. Fourthly, perceived human resource management strength also moderates the mediating role of psychological availability. The research results not only confirm the mechanism of charismatic leadership on followership, uncover the black box of influencing process and discover the boundary conditions, but also enrich the utilization of conservation of resources theory. At the same time, this research provides practical enlightenment for managers to develop charismatic leadership style in organizational situations to enhance employees’ followership. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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2015, 27 (6): 3-.   Abstract （775）      PDF （1107KB）（3918）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling the Spreading of Airborne Infectious Diseases in a City Mei Shan, He Hua, Zhu Yifan    2016, 28 (8): 158-166.   Abstract （329）      PDF （3332KB）（1566）       Knowledge map    Highly populated urban environment stimulates the spreading of infectious diseases, especially airborne diseases. Airborne infectious diseases transmit well between randomly encountered strangers and thus call for effective interventions. Geographical information, city partitions, traffic and transportation, individual mobility patterns, and individual behavior etc. are incorporated to model the spreading of airborne infectious diseases in a city. Multi-agent systems are adopted to conduct the simulations of disease spreading. Experimentation on influenza A (H1N1) spreading is performed, which validates the presented model. The study can help assess the influence of transmissions taking place at public transportation on the spreading of airborne infectious diseases in a city. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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From Product Orientation to Ecosystem Orientation: Construction of Innovation Ecosystem of High-tech Enterprises——A Longitudinal Case Study Based on Dajiang Zhou Changbao, Feng Zhihong, Lin Runhui, Wang Lingling, Zhang Yanfang Management Review    2023, 35 (3): 337-352.   Abstract （501）      PDF （1543KB）（966）       Knowledge map    This paper aims to explore how a high-tech enterprise could build an innovation ecosystem where it can build up its capabilities for developing new core technologies in complex and changing external environment. Based on the integrated view of ecosystem structure and evolution as well as the resource orchestration theory, this paper exemplifies Dajiang innovation ecosystem under the theoretical analysis framework of Context-Construct-Capability and divides its formation and evolution into three stages (i.e. birth, expansion and leadership) to explore the interaction between the knowledge networks and business networks. And then a dynamic evolution process model of innovation ecosystem for high-tech enterprises is constructed. The results show that first, the dynamic mutual adaptation of knowledge networks and business networks promotes the emergence of innovation ecosystems of high-tech enterprises; second, the construction of the innovation ecosystem of high-tech enterprises starts from product innovation, to the module-based integration of software and hardware technology and then to the opening of technology platform. The conclusions have important theoretical value and practical enlightenment for cultivating and constructing innovation ecosystem of high-tech enterprises in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Double-edged Sword Effect of Feeling Trusted on Bootlegging Wang Hongyu, Kou Xianliu Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 143-154.   Abstract （53）      PDF （1285KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Based on the theory of purposeful work behavior, the study explores the double-edged sword mechanism of feeling trusted on bootlegging from an environment-individual interaction perspective, verifies the dual chain mediation role of autonomous motivation, ego depletion and creative process engagement, and analyzes the boundary role of openness to experience. The results show that the double-edged sword effect of feeling trusted on bootlegging will be affected by openness to experience. When employees have high openness to experience, feeling trusted will stimulate autonomous motivation to enhance creative process engagement, thus promoting bootlegging; When employees have low openness to experience, feeling trusted will lead to ego depletion, reduce employees’ creative process engagement, and thus inhibit the occurrence of bootlegging. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Knowledge Integration Approaches and Implementation Paths in Different Supplier Involvement Configurations: Based on Social Capital Theory Wu Mengchao, Li Suicheng Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 262-275.   Abstract （44）      PDF （3586KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Supplier involvement in new product development (SINPD) is an important way to realize collaborative innovation through effective R&D resources integration between the manufacturer and the supplier. The literature review is presented and multiple-case study method is applied to uncover the detailed processes of knowledge integration and thus identify the knowledge integration approaches in each supplier involvement configuration. This study utilizes the research framework (input-accessibility-mobilization) of social capital theory to fully specify the paths of realizing the knowledge integration in each supplier involvement configuration respectively. The results show that (1) “expectation recognition→synchronous innovation” represents the knowledge integration approach in black-box supplier involvement; (2) joint learning between the manufacturer and the supplier represents the knowledge integration approaches in grey-box supplier involvement, where knowledge sharing, joint sense-making, and joint decision-making take place interactively and recurrently; (3) manufacturer-supplier social capital promotes knowledge integration through the bridging role of knowledge accessibility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Why Leader’s Trust Hurt the Relationship between Peers? Feeling Trusted and Workplace Ostracism: A Social Comparison Perspective Lu Hailing, Zhang Xin, Duan Guang, Wang Yongli, Yang Yang, Liu Dege, Lv Haoran Management Review    2025, 37 (1): 166-176.   Abstract （186）      PDF （1306KB）（223）       Knowledge map    Feeling trusted is a crucial part of trust research. Previous researches on the consequences of feeling trusted have largely developed along two paths: the first has examined the impact of feeling trusted on employees, and the second has examined the impact of feeling trusted on the relationships between employees and their leaders. However, there is no current research exploring the potential impact feeling trusted on the relationships between employees and their peers. To fill this gap, drawing on social comparison theory, we conduct an experiment and a multi-source field study to explore the effect of employees feeling trusted by supervisors on being envied by peers, which in turn influences employees workplace ostracism. Furthermore, we examine the moderating effect of perceived intraorganizational competition on the relationship between feeling trusted on being envied. We find that perceived intraorganizational competition moderates the indirect effect of feeling trusted on workplace ostracism via being envied, such that the indirect effect will be stronger and positive when perceived intraorganizational competition is high and will be weaker when perceived intraorganizational competition is low. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Service Agents or E-robots?——A Study on the Online Customer Service Strategy Selection for the E-retailer in the AI Era Zhang Peng, Ma Jun, Dong Shaozeng, Sun Kai Management Review    2023, 35 (11): 166-178.   Abstract （292）      PDF （2785KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Artificial intelligence has been applied to online customer service systems by e-retailers and is receiving increasing attention. This paper studies the strategic choice of online customer service mode for the e-retailer by exploring whether the introduction of intelligent technology in online customer service system brings more benefits to the e-retailer regarding consumers' heterogeneous shopping intention. Four different decision-making scenarios are discussed:no online customer service, with online service agent, with artificial intelligent online customer service, and with hybrid online customer service; decision models are constructed for each scenario, and the optimal product price, optimal product demand, and optimal product profit are obtained for each scenario; then the conditions for introducing intelligent technology in online customer service are analyzed. Some interesting results are obtained. (1) The improvement of online customer service quality does not affect product pricing, but can increase product demand and contribute to the profit growth of the e-retailer. (2) The higher learning capacity of e-robots contributes to the profit increase under AI online customer service. However, under the hybrid online customer service mode, whether profit growth can be achieved by improving the learning ability of e-robots depends not only on the e-robots' learning capacity but also on the service quality of customer service agents. (3) When the wage contribution rate of customer service agents is low, or when both the current wage rate of service agents and the learning capacity of e-robots are high, the e-retailer should switch from online service agent to artificial intelligent online customer service. (4) The e-retailer should switch from online service agent to hybrid online customer service when both the service quality of customer service agents and the learning capacity of e-robots are high. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Spatial Correlation Mechanism and Network Effect of China’s High-quality Development under the New Development Paradigm Chen Minghua, Li Qian, Chu Qinru, Zhang Tengwen Management Review    2025, 37 (8): 55-66.   Abstract （61）      PDF （1272KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Accelerating the construction of a new development paradigm and striving for high-quality development are important tasks for China at present and in the future. Based on the new development concept, this paper constructs a high-quality development evaluation system, examines the spatial network of high-quality development using the modified gravity model and social network analysis, analyses its internal correlation mechanism, and reveals the influence of spatial correlation network on high-quality development. The study shows that: (1) The network density of spatial correlation of China’s high-quality development fluctuates and increases during the sample period, and the effect of spatial correlation is increasing. Eastern provinces, namely Shanghai, Beijing, and Jiangsu, hold a prominent position and exert a significant impact in the spatial correlation network of high-quality development. On the other hand, western and central provinces, including Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Anhui, have a marginal role in the network with low degrees of centrality. (2) Concerning the spatial correlation mechanism, the spatial correlation of the four dimensions of “innovation,” “green,” “openness,” and “sharing” serves as the primary driving force for high-quality development’s spatial correlation. The driving role of “innovation” and “coordination” has substantially increased after embarking on the new developmental stage, adding significance to the spatial correlation of the five dimensions. (3) The network structure of spatial correlation has a significant role on promoting high-quality development and reducing regional disparities. On the one hand, boosting the correlation between provinces for high-quality development and elevating the standing of individual provinces within the network can aid in such development. On the other hand, regional disparities in quality development can be reduced by improving the spatial correlation of quality development and making full use of the “bridge” function of provinces within the association network. By promoting the new “double-cycle” development pattern, the linkage network will be able to better play its positive role in high-quality development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Costs of Forgiveness: The Study on the Relationships of Leader Forgiveness, Employee Moral Disengagement with Workplace Deviance Zhang Junwei, Zhang Yajun, Yin Changqin, Lu Lu, Zhu Qiquan Management Review    2023, 35 (2): 228-236.   Abstract （322）      PDF （1285KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Most previous studies have shown that leader forgiveness is associated with positive outcomes. Yet, few studies have examined its negative effects. Thus, our study investigates the association between leader forgiveness and employee workplace deviance, and tests the mediating role of employee moral disengagement and the moderating effect of employee empathy. We use Hierarchical Linear Modeling to examine our hypotheses by analyzing a sample of 306 employees and 71 department supervisors. The results show that employee empathy moderates the link between leader forgiveness and employee moral disengagement. When employee empathy is low, there is a positive relationship between leader forgiveness and employee moral disengagement, but a non-significant link when employee empathy is high. Furthermore, the indirect effect of leader forgiveness on employee workplace deviance via moral disengagement is significant when employee empathy is low, whereas the indirect effect is not significant when employee empathy is high. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics