The upstream and downstream of the industrial production process are highly correlated, so changing the existing production process is bound to bring about transformations in the whole industrial system. Therefore, in order to achieve the carbon peak in the industrial sector, it is necessary to study the embodied carbon emission flow relationship between different industries to promote carbon emission reduction collaboratively. In this paper, we compile China’s input-output tables of 2025 and 2030 based on GRAS method and use expanded environment input-output model (EEIO) and social network analysis method (SNA) to identify the characteristics of the structure and evolution of the embodied carbon emission flow networks of China’s industrial chain during 2010 to 2030. The results show that during 2010 to 2030, the embodied carbon emissions of the power sector show a rapid rising trend, while those of petrochemical, chemical, non-metallic mineral products, smelting and pressing of mental decrease between 8% and 30%. As for the perspective of network structure, chemical, non-metallic mineral products and mental smelting and pressing sectors are the main embodied carbon “importers”, while electric power, chemical and special equipment manufacturing sectors are the main embodied carbon “suppliers”. Electric power sector, chemicals and specialized equipment manufacturing contribute 40% of the intermediation capacity in embodied carbon emission network. Under the constraint of carbon peak target, the center of embodied carbon network is gradually transferred to the tertiary industry, and electric power, service and transportation sectors become important “bridge” in the process of embodied carbon transfer.

It is conventionally believed that residents are opposed to any increase in electricity prices. This paper delves into residents’ specific electricity demand and the role relationship between each other, and the findings provide reliable reference for addressing residential electricity cross-subsidies, which is one of the main difficulties confronting the current incremental power distribution grid reform. Based on a questionnaire survey of 376 households’ electricity demand data and the structural equation analysis method, this paper constructs a MRDE model that can reflect residential electricity demand, and finds that residents can accept the price increase resulting from optimization of relevant indicators, among which service quality and voltage qualification rate have a direct positive impact on the price increase expectation, while power quality and power supply reliability have an indirect positive impact on the price increase expectation.

Energy is an important factor related to the national economic lifeline and social stability, and its structural optimization is of significant significance for promoting high-quality economic development in China. This paper takes data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2020 as samples and uses a systematic GMM model to explore the impact of energy structure optimization on high-quality economic development from both supply and demand sides. The study finds that energy production structure and consumption structure optimization have a significant positive impact on high-quality economic development in China; There are positive government governance effects and energy investment effects on the supply side and demand side, respectively; There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of energy structure optimization on high-quality economic development in China. Among them, the promotion effect of energy production structure optimization on high-quality economic development is significant in the central region, while the promotion effect of energy consumption structure optimization is significant in the eastern and central regions. In summary, this study not only provides strong empirical support for the positive role of energy structure optimization in promoting high-quality economic development, but also provides useful reference and inspiration for continuing to deepen the energy revolution and promote higher quality economic development in China.

Using a sample of A-share listed private enterprises in China from 2008 to 2019, this paper studies the effect of state-owned capital on tax avoidance under the background of mixed ownership in private enterprises. The results show that the participation of state-owned capital reduces the level of tax avoidance in private enterprises, and the reduction is more significant in private enterprises registered in provinces with a lower level of financial marketization or a higher level of tax enforcement intensity. This paper also finds that state-owned capital reduces the level of tax avoidance via alleviating financial constraints of private enterprises. Further research shows that when the proportion of state-owned equity is higher, the reduction effect is more pronounced. Analysis on economic consequences shows that the participation of state-owned capital weakens the negative effect of tax avoidance on private enterprise and promotes firm value. This paper enriches the understanding of state-owned capital’s participation in private enterprises from the perspective of tax avoidance, and provides empirical support for the vigorous promotion of mixed ownership in private enterprises, which has important theoretical meaning and practical value.

Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is one of the most important ways to promote common prosperity. At the same time, the world has entered the digital era, and the digital economy has had a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper explores the theoretical logic and specific mechanism of the impact of digital economy on the urban-rural income gap. Using the data of 290 cities in China, this paper makes an empirical analysis by constructing the digital economy index system and using the fixed-effect model, generalized moment estimation, panel threshold model and other methods. The results show that there is a significant U-shaped relationship between digital economy and urban-rural income gap, which is well supported by robustness test and endogeneity test. Mechanism analysis shows that digital economy can narrow the urban-rural income gap by promoting the level of urbanization. Threshold regression analysis shows that the effect of digital economy development on urban-rural income gap is regulated by per capita GDP and the proportion of science and technology expenditure in GDP. Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical results, this paper puts forward some targeted policy suggestions to narrow the urban-rural income gap.

This paper exhaustively combs through the changes of China’s patent agency mechanism and the development history of the patent agency business, and examines the effect of patent agency services on enterprise patent quality and the influence mechanism from the theoretical and empirical perspectives. The study finds that (1) Improving the level of urban patent agency services significantly improves the quality of enterprise patents and produces a stronger effect on invention patents. This finding remains robust after considering endogeneity issues, indicator selection, enterprise relocation, and the influence of neighboring cities. (2) The mechanism test finds that improving the level of patent agency services is more conducive to improving the patent quality of enterprises that are state-owned, in high-tech industries, located in inland cities, in their early years after inception, and with higher rates of patent agency. The research in this paper provides a feasible path for the effective implementation of China’s patent policy, which is of great practical significance for the high-quality development of innovation in China.

Digital transformation can effectively promote technological innovation and high-quality development of high-tech firms. However, under the background of digital economy, how to optimize knowledge chain management and identify market environment to promote the innovation quality of high-tech firms remains to be answered. Based on the complex systems view and combined with fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), this paper takes 409 Chinese A-share listed high-tech firms as research samples, and explores the mechanism of how knowledge chain management and market environment synergistically influence high-tech firms in the digital economy from the perspective of configuration. The research finds that (1) neither knowledge chain management factor nor market environment alone constitutes the necessary conditions for high (non-high) quality innovation, but strengthening knowledge acquisition and improving knowledge creation play a more universal role in producing high quality innovation. (2) High quality innovation is driven through four paths, namely, knowledge acquired upstream and innovated downstream, internal synergy along the entire knowledge chain, knowledge integration in a market of non-high complexity, and knowledge application external synergy in a dual market environment. Among them, internal synergy along the entire knowledge chain is the most common, indicating that the internal synergy of all elements of knowledge chain management plays a key role in improving innovation quality, with other paths as an alternative attempt to explore multiple knowledge chain management modes in different external market environments. (3) There are five inhibitory paths leading to non-high quality innovation, which collectively show that the lack of knowledge creation will lead to non-high quality innovation. This research enriches and expands the knowledge chain management theory, and provides theoretical basis and practical support for high-tech firms to improve innovation quality through optimal knowledge chain management in the uncertain external market environment.

This paper studies the factors that influence enterprises’ technological innovation capability by integrating the three key links of basic research, application research, and production research in the whole chain of technological innovation, building a multi-level cooperative innovation network of “knowledge-technology-production” among enterprises, and considering the interaction of multiple relationships within and between layers. Based on the empirical study of the listed companies in China’s semiconductor industry with the negative binomial model, we reach the following conclusions. First, the relationship between PageRank centrality and enterprises’ technological innovation capability takes on an inverted U shape. Structural holes, breadth and strength of relationships, and level of network embedding are positively correlated with enterprises’ technological innovation capability. Second, the absorptive capacity of enterprises and network density play a mediating and moderating role in the above relationship, respectively. Third, the product complexity index can accurately represent the technological innovation capability of enterprises. Fourth, the locking effect, internal and external linkage dual circulation effect, and interactive connectivity effect formed among the influencing factors jointly affect the technological innovation ability of enterprises. This study provides decision-making support for improving the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises in the semiconductor industry.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient driving force and poor access to resources for university entrepreneurship, based on the samples of 31 provinces and cities in China, this paper adopts fuzzy set qualitative comparison method (fsQCA) to explore the configuration effects of entrepreneurial teams, universities, governments and other organizations, as well as the digital entrepreneurship environment in universities, on the output of digital enterprises. The results show that the entrepreneurial team’s digital perception ability, digital resource reconstruction ability, academic environment of universities, academic level of universities, government’s policy support, financial support, scientific and technological services, and digital entrepreneurial environment have a configuration effect on the high yield of digital enterprise results. The configuration that drives the high output of digital enterprise results can be divided into four types: “all-influencing factor-environment” driven, “university-environment” driven, “entrepreneurial team-government” driven and “university-government-environment” driven. The conclusion of this study can provide reference for all provinces and cities to promote the decision-making of digital entrepreneurship in universities.

Based on social network theory, competitive theory and industrial technology life cycle model, this paper constructs a research framework to test the impact of the location of structural holes in coopetitive network and non-coopetitive network on innovation performance under different industrial technology life cycles. The results show that when the development of industrial technology is in the growth stage, the enterprise innovation is promoted by the structural hole position in both the coopetitive network and the non-coopetitive network. When the development of industrial technology enters the mature stage, the position of the structural hole in the coopetitive network has no effect on the innovation of enterprises, but it can promote enterprises with high knowledge stock. The position of the hole in the non-coopetitive network inhibits the innovation of enterprises. Based on the above findings, enterprises need to take corresponding countermeasures according to the different stages of the industrial technology life cycle to optimize the coopetitive network and non-coopetitive network structure, so as to improve their technological innovation ability.

Critical thinking is a basic dimension of the cognitive spectrum and is considered to be the most recognizable label for improving the creative output of subordinates. However, previous studies have ignored the differential effects and internal mechanisms of different combinations of “leader-subordinate” critical thinking on subordinates’ creative problem-solving. In order to gain a lasting competitive advantage in this “innovation-driven” context, we need to re-understand critical thinking and the constructive role it generates. Because critical thinking is not isolated from the field of Chinese organization and management. On the contrary, it provides certain annotations for individual behavior. In this sense, taking its essence, insight and glow the influence of critical thinking on individual behavior is different from the past, which has certain theoretical value and practical enlightenment. In order to remedy these deficiencies and fully reveal the different demands driven by cross-linking of thought, this paper takes the cognitive consistency theory as the upper theory by introducing the perspective of leader-subordinate matching, establishes a chain mediation model in which exploration behavior and resource acquisition act on subordinates’ creative problem-solving through subordinates’ critical thinking and leaders’ critical thinking, and describes in detail the moderating role of creative work requirements in this model. Based on the job demand-resource theory, this paper reveals the conditional intervention mechanism of creative work requirements in the process of improving creative problem-solving, responds to the situational differences generated by creative results, and provides further empirical support for high-quality improvement of creative problem-solving and accumulates local evidence. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis techniques are applied, a multi-source time lag is designed to reduce common method bias, by analyzing 269 leaders and employees paired data at two time points. It is found that: the higher the consistency between the leader’s critical thinking and the subordinate’s critical thinking, the higher the subordinate’s exploratory behavior. Compared with the situation of “high leader critical thinking and low subordinate critical thinking”, the exploration behavior of subordinates is not significantly increased in the case of “low leader critical thinking and high subordinate critical thinking”. The consistency of critical thinking between leaders and subordinates influences creative problem-solving through the chain mediation of exploration behavior and resource acquisition. Job creativity requirement plays a moderating role in the relationship between resource acquisition and creative problem-solving, and further, it has a conditional effect on the consistency of critical thinking between leaders and subordinates through the chain mediation of exploration behavior and resource acquisition. This paper explores and details the potential mechanism of how different combinations of leader-subordinate critical thinking influence creative problem-solving, provides more explanation paths for the intertwine drive of leadership and subordinates, and provides inspiration for the innovative competition of employee exploration behavior and creative problem-solving.

Family firm is a special organization composed of family system and enterprise system. The differences in kinship and shareholder relationship involve the family in different configurations of control rights, which affects the strategy and behavior of the family firm, especially in guiding the high-quality development and transformation of the enterprise. Based on the differentiation of internal relationships in family firms, this study analyzes the influence of dual-level control allocation on the high-quality development of family firms, so as to deepen the extension and application of corporate governance theory and agency theory in family firms. The empirical results of the sample of listed family firms from 2010 to 2018 show that the decentralized or highly centralized allocation of control rights within the family can bring positive results, while the allocation of control rights at the firm level should be accompanied with moderately introducing non-family related shareholders. The dual-level allocation of control rights has a certain complementary effect on the high-quality development of enterprises. Dual-level control right allocation has different effects on the high-quality development of family firms, and stable external environment, low financing constraints and direct establishment of family firms will strengthen this effect. The findings of this study provide new thinking for analyzing the influence of family relations and understanding the two-tier governance structure of family enterprises.

Supervisors listening to their employees is good for improving organization efficiency, but if employees’ opinions are improperly taken, the original intention underlying their opinions may be misunderstood, causing them to regret speaking up. Thus, by using counterfactual thinking model, this paper collects, in 3 stages, 426 dyad questionnaires from employees and their supervisors from the industry of indoor decoration to explore the relationship between supervisors’ improperly adopting employees’ opinion and employees’ regretting speaking up. The results from structural equation model and bootstrapping show that supervisors’ improper adoption has a negative influence on employees’ speaking up by the proxy mediator of performance loss and the proximal mediator of regret speaking up, which is negatively moderated by environmental uncertainty; supervisors’ improper adoption has a negative influence on employees’ speaking up by the proxy mediator of delegation following employee voice and the proximal mediator of regretting speaking up, which is positively moderated by perceptions of organizational politics. The conclusion can enrich opinion taking theory and counterfactual thinking of employee speaking up, and provide an insight for supervisors to locate application scope and manage the speaking-up environment.

This paper mainly studies how industry growth influences the incentive effect of relative performance evaluation on risk-taking. Based on whether the equity incentive plan of listed companies adopts relative performance evaluation, the explicit measure of relative performance evaluation can be obtained. With this unique data, this paper finds that when the industry growth rate is high, the relative performance evaluation of equity incentive contracts has a more significant role in promoting corporate risk-taking. The results are robust for alternative measures of risk-taking and instrumental variable estimation. Mechanism analysis shows that industry growth increases the incentive for managers to take risks to achieve assessment goals by increasing the assessment standards of relative performance evaluation. Further analysis shows that under the conditions of rapid industry growth, the relative performance evaluation promotes risk-taking, which helps enterprises increase R&D investment and improve performance, but has no significant impact on the costs of debt financing and the probability of financial distress. The results of this paper show that the economic environment will affect the incentive effect of performance evaluation methods.

As a voluntary environmental regulation tool widely used, environmental management system certification is an important starting point for enterprises’ green transformation and high-quality development. We select A-share listed enterprises from 2008 to 2021 as the initial samples and use the multi-way fixed effect model to explore the impact of environmental management system certification on enterprises’ tax avoidance. Our findings show that enterprises that pass environmental management system certification avoid tax to a less extent than those that do not. Mechanism test finds that environmental management system certification demotivates enterprises from avoiding tax avoidance by exposing them to less financing constraints and a better external information environment. Further analysis finds that environmental management system certification has a stronger inhibitory effect on the tax avoidance of enterprises that are private owned, operate in a less financially developed region or in other situations that confront them with high financing pressure. Additionally, the negative relationship between environmental management system certification and enterprises’ tax avoidance is significantly pronounced for enterprises that receive less media attention, are audited by non-“Big Four” auditing firms, or exposed to a poor information environment for other reasons. Finally, the economic consequences analysis shows that the tax avoidance inhibiting effect of environmental management system certification increases the value of enterprises as a whole. This study provides new insights for the green and low-carbon transformation of enterprises and the promotion of sustainable economic development.

Against the backdrop of rural revitalization strategy, this study focuses on issues of financial constraints on farmers and the inequitable distribution of income within agricultural supply chains. An agricultural supply chain is constructed, comprising a capital-constrained farmer and two retailers. Based on the Stackelberg game theory, we analyze the optimal operational decisions of the agricultural product supply chain under vertical fairness concern of the farmer and horizontal fairness concern of the small retailer. In line with industry practice, we explicitly examine the efficacy of two financing strategies - bank financing (BF) and trade credit financing (TCF). Additionally, numerical analysis is conducted to reveal the impact of financing interest rates and vertical and horizontal fairness concerns on the farmer’s financing strategy. Furthermore, the applicability of obtained conclusions in scenarios involving multiple farmers is validated through the model extension. The research findings indicate that when the interest rate difference between TCF and BF is within a certain range, the farmer tends to prefer the higher-interest TCF scheme. However, when the interest rate difference is substantial, the BF scheme becomes the superior choice. Secondly, the farmer’s vertical fairness concern to some extent can promote his own profit, but exceeding a certain threshold, it may lead to a decrease in the overall supply chain and individual members’ profits. Thirdly, the horizontal fairness concern of the retailer benefits the farmer but results in profit loss for the two peer retailers. What doesn’t fit our previous perception is the retailer’s horizontal fairness concern not only narrowing the profit gap between supply chain members, but also enabling the provision of higher-quality agricultural products to the market. In addition, the critical threshold for the farmer to change financing strategy decreases with an increase in both vertical and horizontal fairness concern coefficients. While some conclusions derived from the decision-making model of a single farmer in the agricultural supply chain can be extended to scenarios involving multiple farmers, the presence of fairness concerns among multiple farmers simultaneously results in a monotonic decrease in farmers’ profits with an increase in the degree of vertical fairness concern.

Under the intricate international and domestic environment, advanced manufacturing industry faces insecurity and instability problems such as broken chain due to lack of core and weak chain due to weak independent innovation. From the perspective of industry chain supply chain, this paper adopts differential game on the three-level supply chain consisting of suppliers, advanced manufacturers and sellers, and explores the impact of trilateral enhancement of security and stability efforts on the security and stability level, profit and related strategies of the advanced manufacturing industry chain supply chain under Nash model, Stackelberg model and cooperative alliance model, respectively. The results show that the higher the level of effort, the higher the security and stability level of the advanced manufacturing chain supply chain, and the level of effort is influenced by the market sensitivity coefficient, security and stability level influence coefficient, unit profit and effort cost coefficient; the higher the security and stability level, the higher the optimal profit of the advanced manufacturing chain supply chain; the advanced manufacturers will share the cost of security and stability activities upstream and downstream only under the condition of guaranteeing certain profit, and the proportion of cost sharing is proportional to the profit of advanced manufacturers; cooperative alliance is the best mode to improve the security and stability level of the supply chain of advanced manufacturing industry chain.

China is a large country with a huge number of smallholder farmers, who are the main body of agricultural production, so motivating them to shift toward green production is the key for China to get on the trajetory of green agricultural development, and it is also a systematic revolution. Pro-green consumers’ demand for green products is the fundamental force driving the overall green transformation of agriculture. The key depends on whether the demand can be transmitted to the production side and transformed into more green production behaviors of farmers. In reality, the production behavior of farmers is characterized by complex dynamic evolution within the group based on social learning and maximizing expected returns. This paper introduces the Moran process of biomes strategy renewal, simulates the social learning mechanism of farmers’ green production decision-making, and analyzes the conditions under which farmers’ green production strategies become evolutionarily stable strategies driven by consumers’ green preferences for farmers with different choice intensities. The results show that: (1) under any selection intensity, consumers’ green preference, farmers’ green awareness and government’ s ecological compensation positively encourage farmers’ green production, while the cost coefficient of green production negatively inhibits farmers’ green production; (2) under weak selection dominated by random factors, as long as the ecological subsidy is greater than the green production cost, it is beneficial for the green production to replace the general production strategy for any population; (3) under any selection intensity, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the greenness of agricultural products and the boundary conditions of green production strategy taking root; (4) after satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions, if the population size is greater than the corresponding critical value, the green production strategy of farmers will be dominant, and as consumer green preferences increase, this critical value gradually decreases. In summary, it is feasible to realize the systematic revolution of green agricultural transformation guided by market demand, and government participation (such as subsidies and publicity) can further give play to the market power.

China’s national parks are a complex ecosystem in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. The sustainable development of national park communities is the basis for national parks to improve the effectiveness of modernization and achieve high-quality development. However, how to scientifically understand and effectively measure the “sustainability of national park communities” remains unsolved. This study combines the grounded theory method and hot-spot analysis method in qualitative research, and starts from two aspects: connotation analysis and index system construction. Through theoretical deduction, it systematically sorts out 241 domestic and foreign documents, identifies 19 important categories and hot issues that scholars in this field are generally concerned about, tentatively puts forward the concept of “national park community sustainability” and constructs the evaluation index system of China national park community sustainability. It includes 4 first-level indicators, including resource and environment sustainability, cultural sustainability, livelihood capital sustainability and community governance effectiveness, as well as 12 second-level indicators and 20 third-level indicators. This study is based on the perspective of equality and systematic coupling between man and nature, taking into account the objectivity, comprehensiveness and pertinence of concept deduction and index selection under the management objectives of national parks in China. The management tools finally put forward can provide technical support for national park management institutions to effectively guide community transformation and balance the relationship between protection and development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Digital technology drives business model innovation and facilitates the digitalization of business model elements to co-create value. Therefore, it is essential and urgent to depict the digitalization process and governance mechanisms. This paper uses case study method to explore the process of digitalization of business model elements and mechanism of data governance for value co-creation from the perspective of transaction structure and the practice of Beike. The findings are as follows. First, the digitalization process of the “New Living” model’s elements-houses, customers, and agents-exhibits distinct characteristics, namely authenticity and visualization, labeling and identification, professionalism and measurability, respectively. Second, data governance coupled with combined elements reshape the interaction relationship between houses, customers, and agents through different mechanisms to achieve value co-creation. Finally, data are governed through four paths: transactional relationship, informational relationship, interactional relationship, and cooperative relationship. Specifically, transactional relationship co-creates value by meeting customer needs through intelligent recommendations and scenario extensions; informational relationship improves industry efficiency through dynamic matching and resource sharing; interactional relationship enhances the professionalism of service providers through service upgrades and trust-building; and cooperative relationship maximizes resource benefits through standardization and collaborative cooperation.

The establishment and continuous development of a digital innovation ecosystem is an important approach to conforming to the trend of the digital economy era and promoting the rapid development and transformation of enterprises. However, few studies have focused on the significant influence of governance systems on the evolution of digital innovation ecosystems. This paper takes manufacturing enterprises as the research object and explores the development of the governance system of the digital innovation ecosystem they have established. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The governance system of the digital innovation ecosystem, based on the hierarchical theory, goes through three stages: “strong stability governance (weak innovation governance) -stability and innovation governance synergy-strong innovation governance (weak stability governance)”. In each stage, detailed governance also has hierarchical governance capabilities. (2) Based on the dynamic capability theory, this paper studies the governance system existing in the evolution process of the digital innovation system, proposes a governance system model based on the evolution process of digital governance dynamic capabilities, and analyzes the primary and secondary levels of governance capabilities in different stages and summarizes them. This paper reveals the dynamic adjustment rules of the governance system of the digital innovation ecosystem of manufacturing enterprises. Through the coupling research of dynamic capability theory and digital innovation ecosystem theory, it expands the research boundary and provides certain guidance for manufacturing enterprises to establish the governance system of the digital innovation ecosystem.