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Research on Enterprise Digital Maturity Model Wang Hecheng, Wang Siwei, Liu Renhuai Management Review    2021, 33 (12): 152-162.   Abstract （1240）      PDF （1423KB）（2494）       Knowledge map    Nowadays, digital technology has gradually dominated the technological development. To catch up with this fast-growing dynamic digitalization trend, most enterprises have initialized their digital transformation, which has attracted wide attention of the society. In the process of digitalization, to seek the most adaptive solution to advance the transformation, it becomes vital for each enterprise to identify the current digitalization level of its own. Based on the analysis of the connotation and essence of digitalization and enterprise digital transformation, this paper explores the concept of enterprise digital maturity in combination with the actual needs. Then research team identifies key process areas and specific evaluation metrics through literature research and panelist review. Further, a digital maturity model (DMM) is developed. This model includes five key process areas (strategy and organization, infrastructure, business process and management digitalization, integrated integration, digital performance), 19 primary indicators and 63 secondary indicators. Compared with the current domestic and international evaluation models, this DMM can better present the changes of enterprise operational pattern and the comprehensive fusion and system application of digital technology under the digital commercial ecology. Not only can it provide researchers with insights on digital emerging phenomena, but provide methods and tools for enterprises to assess their digital integration, helping them to establish strategic goals and implementing programs for digital transformation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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ChatGPT+Finance: Eight Noteworthy Research Directions and Issues Wang Shouyang, Li Mingchen, Yang Kun, Lin Wencan, Jiang Shangrong, Wei Yunjie Management Review    2023, 35 (4): 3-11.   Abstract （1111）      PDF （1225KB）（1147）       Knowledge map    The emergence of ChatGPT marks the beginning of a new revolution in artificial intelligence. The innovative generative AI technology represented by ChatGPT will significantly impact the research paradigm of economics and the systemic ecology of the financial industry. This paper outlines the developmental trajectory of ChatGPT, analyzes its applications and future prospects in the financial field, and discusses the potential impact and regulatory risks. Undoubtedly, ChatGPT will bring many significant challenges to the field of finance. To promote high-quality development in China’s financial industry and related researches, this paper proposes eight noteworthy research directions and issues for the academic community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Business Model Design:Multiple Case Studies of Enterprise's Digital Transformation and Business Model Innovation Qian Yu, Sun Xinbo Management Review    2021, 33 (11): 67-83.   Abstract （867）      PDF （2110KB）（633）       Knowledge map    Under the wave of digital economy, in the face of increasing integration between cross-border disruptors and technologies, traditional enterprises have to implement digital transformation. Although digital technology provides opportunities for enterprises to develop and adjust business models to achieve digital transformation, relevant researches focus only on the nature of digital transformation, without in-depth attention to changes in the business model architecture system in the digital context. The study uses multiple case studies to analyze 5 business models related to digitization in manufacturing companies, extracting 4 different types of digital business models, and then deconstruct digital business models into digital value proposition, digital value creation and digital value acquisition. After that, the design principles of digital business models are explained in detail. Finally, the dual attributes of business models are used to identify the innovative sources of digital business models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Bilateral Market Governance Path of Platform Economy Anti-monopoly——Based on the Case Study of Alibaba Monopoly Event Chen Tingqiang, Shen Jiaxian, Yang Qinghao, Hu Yi Management Review    2022, 34 (3): 338-352.   Abstract （824）      PDF （2622KB）（857）       Knowledge map    On April 10, 2021, the State Administration for Market Regulation imposed a fine of RMB18.228 billion on Alibaba for its monopoly behavior, which aroused people’s attention to the monopoly of platform economy. This paper takes Alibaba monopoly event as the case study object, comprehensively sorts out the anti-monopoly background at home and abroad, the related events of Alibaba monopoly event and the impact of the event, and reveals the necessity and importance of platform economy anti-monopoly. Focusing on the anti-monopoly governance of platform economy, this paper analyzes the bilateral market model of platform economy and the relationship between platform economy monopoly and data, and analyzes the causes of platform economy monopoly behavior based on the theory of bilateral market. Based on this, this paper deeply explores the characteristics of platform economy monopoly and the difficulties in anti-monopoly regulation of platform economy. In addition, from the perspective of bilateral market regulation, the relevant paths and measures in relation to bilateral market governance are proposed, such as strengthening the precise definition of platform economy monopoly market, consummating the unified identification of platform economy monopoly behavior, and improving the actual effect of platform economy monopoly regulation. This study has theoretical significance and practical value for the further development of anti-monopoly regulation of Chinese platform economy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Connotation and Relationship between Organizational Improvisation and Bricolage: An Integrative Literature Review Liu Hailong, Xu Wen Management Review    2022, 34 (7): 115-128.   Abstract （754）      PDF （1386KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Using currently available resources to execute a plan in real time, also known as improvisation, is an efficient way for entrepreneurship to deal with environmental uncertainty and resource scarcity. Organizational improvisation is often accompanied by bricolage, and the process of bricolage can easily lead to organizational improvisation. Although improvisation and bricolage research has gained momentum in the past decade, the literature is diverse and fragmented especially in terms of their connotation and relationship, thus hindering the development of improvisation and bricolage as a promising research area. Based on the research progress and development trend, this paper summarizes the definition elements of improvisation and bricolage, and presents an integrative definition of them. This paper also finds the symbiotic relationship between improvisation and bricolage, with overlapping connotations and multiple interactive relations, and they cause each other and change with each other in the process of enterprise development. Enterprises can take improvisation and bricolage as an important way to build core competitiveness in the rapidly changing environment of risks and uncertainty. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Is It All about the Bottom Line? A Review and Prospects of Bottom-line Mentality Research in Organizational Management Zhan Xiaojun, Yang Wei, Lu Na Management Review    2021, 33 (8): 224-233.   Abstract （732）      PDF （1312KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Bottom-line mentality refers to one-dimensional thinking that revolves around securing bottom-line outcomes to the neglect of competing priorities. At present, the existing literature has made some progress, but there are few systematic review studies. This paper introduces the concept and measurement of bottom-line mentality, and then systematically analyzes and summarizes the antecedents, consequences and influence mechanisms of bottom-line mentality based on previous empirical studies, and then constructs an integrated analysis framework and puts forward some directions of future research. We find that most of the existing research mostly focuses on the impact of bottom-line mentality in the Western context, and pay little attention to its antecedents and the impact in the Chinese context. Therefore, the present paper proposes some directions for future research, including clarifying the connotation and characteristics of bottom-line mentality in Eastern contexts, optimizing the structural dimensions and measurement of bottom-line mentality, exploring more antecedents and consequences of bottom-line mentality, and extending multilevel consequences of bottom-line mentality. This paper provides an important reference for deepening the research and practice of the bottom-line mentality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Double-edge Sword Effects of Ambidextrous Leadership——An Integrated Model of Two Approaches Based on Cognitive Strain and Vitality at Work Zhao Hongdan, Guo Limin, Luo Jinlian Management Review    2021, 33 (8): 211-223.   Abstract （723）      PDF （1306KB）（730）       Knowledge map    Ambidextrous leadership refers to leaders who solve conflicts and tensions with paradox thinking. Although abundant studies have demonstrated the positive impact of ambidextrous leadership on employees' behaviors and performance, the negative consequences of ambidextrous leadership have been neglected. Based on the cognitive-affective system theory of personality (CAPS), the present paper aims to explore the process and boundary condition of how ambidextrous leadership influences employees' task performance from both the cognition and affective perspectives. Specifically, we investigate the mediating roles of employees' cognitive strain and vitality at work in the ambidextrous leadership-task performance association. Employing a two-wave questionnaire survey, 278 valid data are obtained from full-time employees of enterprises located in Shanghai, Beijing, Gansu, and Henan. Consistent with hypotheses, the analysis results based on bootstrapping method show that:(1) there is a significant multiple indirect effect of employees' cognitive strain and vitality at work in the mechanism of how ambidextrous leadership influences employees' task performance; (2) with respect to the affective process, ambidextrous leadership could enhance employees' vitality at work and consequently task performance; (3) with respect to the cognition process, ambidextrous leadership increases employees' cognitive strain, which in turn diminishes employees' task performance; (4) the total indirect effect of ambidextrous leadership on employees' task performance via cognition path (cognitive strain) and affective path (vitality at work) is significant and positive; (5) Chinese traditionality not only moderates the relationship between ambidextrous leadership and employees' vitality at work, but also moderates the indirect effect of ambidextrous leadership on employees' task performance (via vitality at work), such that the relationship is stronger under low Chinese traditionality than under high. However, Chinese traditionality has no moderating effect on the ambidextrous leadership-employees' cognitive strain association. With these findings, the present study extends the research concerning the effects of ambidextrous leadership, further clarifies the process and boundary condition under which the ambidextrous leadership affects task performance, and offers practical implications for organizations to utilize ambidextrous leadership flexibly and effectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Can Hog Price Index Insurance Inhibit Fluctuation in the Swine Cycle? Liao Pu, He Yeping, He Suyuan, Liu Xiangyu Management Review    2022, 34 (3): 31-40.   Abstract （720）      PDF （1519KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Given the underdevelopment of the hog futures market and the largest population of medium-sized farmers in China, hog price index insurance can be a constructive attempt to suppress the swine cycle by applying insurance methods. Based on an empirical analysis of hog supply and demand, this paper uses cobweb theory and ARMA model to predict the cycle of hog price and evaluates the effect of the index insurance on the cycle. The results show that the model fits well with the swine cycle, with the large cycle being about 4-6 years and the small cycle being about 5 to 14 months. Under the research framework of this paper, the hog price index insurance shows a significant inhibitory effect on the swine cycle, and within a reasonable range, the higher the pig-maize ratio is, the better the inhibition effect will be. The predictions of the swine cycle also indicate convergent cobweb characteristics, and the further the hog price deviates from equilibrium price, the more effective the hog price index insurance will be in inhibiting hog price fluctuations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Supply Chain Integration and NPD Performance: The Impacts of Ambidextrous Innovation and Technological Turbulence Yang Linbo, Gan Chenjing Management Review    2022, 34 (6): 130-142.   Abstract （673）      PDF （1352KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Based on resource dependence theory,the current research develops a moderated two-mediator-mediation model.In a sample of 233 independent companies from the mainland of China,study results almost confirm our suggestions.We find that supply chain integration is not only directly but also indirectly related with new product development (NPD) performance through exploratory innovation (path one) conditionally,and the mediation effect is stronger under high technological turbulence than under low one.However,supply chain integration is directly but not indirectly related with NPD performance through exploitative innovation (path two) conditionally,and the mediation effect is significant just under mean technological turbulence.Meanwhile,through subgroup comparative statistical analysis,we draw the conclusion that the significant moderated mediation effect of exploratory innovation is superior to the insignificant moderated mediation effect of exploitative innovation under all values of technological turbulence.The current research clarifies that supply chain integration is suggested to indirectly associate with NPD performance,through ambidextrous innovation in parallel,with the strength of these indirect linkages hinging on the technological turbulence.The empirical implication of this research is that top managers can choose a suitable innovation pattern to improve NPD performance by employing supply chain resources according to the conditions of technological turbulence. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of Paradoxical Leadership Behavior on Employee Creativity Tao Houyong, Wu Qianqian, Hu Wenfang Management Review    2022, 34 (2): 215-227.   Abstract （669）      PDF （1374KB）（618）       Knowledge map    Based on social cognitive theory and the dual pathway to creativity model, this paper explores the mechanism of how paradoxical leadership behavior influences employees’ creativity from the perspective of employees’ behavioral response, adopts questionnaire survey data including 256 leader-subordinates dyads from Wuhan, Guangzhou, Suzhou etc. Specifically, this study investigats the mediating role of employees’ hard work and smart work, the moderating role of employees’ regulatory focus between paradoxical leadership behavior and employees’ creativity. The results show that paradoxical leadership behavior has significant positive influence on employees’ creativity. Employees’ hard work and smart work partly mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership behavior and employees’ creativity. Employees’ one-dimensional regulatory focus negatively moderates the relationship between paradoxical leadership behavior and employees’ hard/smart work. Furthermore, employees’ one-dimensional regulatory focus negatively moderates the indirect effect of paradoxical leadership behavior on employees’ creativity via employee hard/smart work. Paradoxical leadership behavior has a stronger positive effect on employees’ hard work when employees have both high promotion and high prevention regulatory focus. This paper enriches the influence mechanisms of paradoxical leadership behavior on employees’ creativity and echoes the call for further exploring the boundary conditions of the effectiveness of paradoxical leadership. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Typology of Digital Transformation Strategies and the Choice of Transformation Modes of Traditional Firm Wang Yonggui, Wang Linlin Management Review    2021, 33 (11): 84-93.   Abstract （667）      PDF （1312KB）（623）       Knowledge map    The choice of digital transformation strategies and transformation modes are the core issues of the research on firms' digital transformation. However, the digital transformation practice of traditional firms is not optimistic since the majority of firms' transformation fails to achieve expected results. Thus how to choose a digital transformation strategy and a digital transformation mode is still an unsolved important problem in both the theoretical research and the practice of traditional firms' digital transformation. This paper innovatively identifies the typology of traditional firms' digital transformation strategies, and then analyzes the selection of firms' digital transformation strategies and transformation modes from the perspective of strategy and mode matching. Specifically, this paper divides traditional firms' digital transformation strategy into four strategies-change-dependent, ecological-oriented, business-oriented and technology-oriented -by proposing two key dimensions, i.e., digital resource input and organizational adaptability. On this basis, this paper develops a new process model for matching traditional firms' digital transformation strategy and transformation mode, which provides valuable insights to the literature and the practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Influence of Personalized Intelligent Recommendation on Consumers’ Online Impulse Buying Intention Fan Wenfang, Wang Qian Management Review    2022, 34 (12): 146-156,194.   Abstract （624）      PDF （1390KB）（695）       Knowledge map    With the rapid development of mobile internet era and the continuous application of high-tech such as artificial intelligence, personalized intelligent recommendation has become an important marketing method for e-commerce platform enterprises to meet consumers’ diversified preferences. Practice shows that personalized recommendation has an important impact on consumers’ buying behavior, and it helps to improve the performance of e-commerce platforms. Based on the flow experience theory and the perceived value theory, this paper discusses the influence of personalized intelligent recommendation on consumers’ online impulse purchase intention, and this mechanism of flow experience, perceived practical value and quality of online reviews. Through the investigation of 548 e-commerce platform consumers, the empirical study finds that personalized intelligent recommendation and its related dimensions (information presentation, system interaction and community influence) positively affect consumers’ online impulse purchase intention. Flow experience and perceived practical value mediate the positive relationship between personalized intelligent recommendation and consumers’ online impulse purchase intention. The quality of online reviews plays a moderating role in the impact of personalized intelligent recommendation on consumers’ online impulse purchase intention. The higher the quality of online reviews, the stronger the positive impact of personalized intelligent recommendation on consumers’ impulse purchase intention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Chinese Employees' Fear of Missing Out Based on Grounded Theory: Connotation, Structure and Formation Mechanism Shi Guanfeng, Wen Mei, Fang Zhibin, Niu Yulin, Tang Jie Management Review    2022, 34 (5): 176-187.   Abstract （612）      PDF （1309KB）（283）       Knowledge map    At present, the price paid for "missing" in the work situation makes employees more afraid of missing something. The anxiety caused by this fear of missing out (FoMO) has become a common and potentially influential phenomenon. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the performance and causes of FoMO in Chinese employee groups, this research uses constructive grounded theory,and such methods as interviews and content analysis to explore the connotation and structure of Chinese employees' FoMO. It is found that as a comprehensive anxiety caused by fear of missing out job information, workplace relationship, career development opportunities and job welfare, FoMO is characterized by the contradiction resulting from the rule-vs-sympathy game, the persistence generated by threat awareness, and the diversity of the "relationship" that triggers employees' FoMO. On this basis, this study also proposes a model of the formation path of Chinese employees' FoMO. The results extend the research of Chinese employees' FoMO to a new field and lay a foundation for the study of FoMO in Chinese work situations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence Mechanism and Data Test of Enterprise ESG Performance on Earnings Sustainability Xi Longsheng, Zhao Hui Management Review    2022, 34 (9): 313-326.   Abstract （600）      PDF （1343KB）（545）       Knowledge map    ESG is highly consistent with China’s new development concept, but whether ESG performance has a positive impact on enterprises’ sustainable development, especially earnings persistence, has not reached a definite conclusion.By analyzing the mediating effect of financing constraint, enterprise risk and green innovation, this paper studies the mechanism of how ESG performance influences earnings sustainability, and empirically examines the positive impact of ESG performance on earnings sustainability by taking China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2021 as research samples.The research finds that the better the ESG performance is, the stronger the earnings sustainability is. The mechanism analysis shows that good ESG performance can help enterprises achieve earnings sustainability by alleviating financing constraints, reducing enterprise risks and promoting green innovation. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of ESG performance on earnings persistence is more significant in enterprises in non-polluting industries, state-owned enterprises and enterprises in highly market-oriented regions.This paper expands the research on the economic consequences of ESG performance, which has significant enlightenment for enterprises and investors to attach importance to ESG performance and government departments to improve the ESG information disclosure system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Critical Success Factors for Internationalization of Chinese Chain Retailers: The Case of MINISO Tian Xin, Xu Shaodi, E Erjiang, Wu Zhaosong, Ye Guofu Management Review    2021, 33 (12): 339-352.   Abstract （592）      PDF （2123KB）（816）       Knowledge map    Internationalization is one of the most intensive trends among many retailing magnates in recent decades. However, there are few successfully internationalized retailing enterprises in China and few researches are conducted in the context of Chinese retailing industry. This paper examines the internationalization process including business model and critical incidents of MINISO, a Chinese chain retailing enterprise that has internationalized at a fast speed rarely seen, and identifies critical success factors for its internationalization based on Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach. We show that MINISO, under the guide of virtual retail enterprise model, rolls out stores globally through franchise system innovation, supply chain integration and brand exportation externally and improves the value of its supply chain and brand internally by utilizing ambidextrous innovation capability. This paper enriches the retail internationalization study by adding Chinese cases into the analytic framework, and indirectly proposes a strategic decision-making model of retail internationalization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Sustainable Supply Chain Governance Path from the Perspective of Resources and Capabilities——Based on a Case Study of Lenovo's Global Supply Chain Li Jingjing, Li Yongjian, Song Hua, Yao Bingqian Management Review    2021, 33 (9): 326-339.   Abstract （591）      PDF （1664KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Sustainable supply chain performance and competitive advantage are based on specific resources and capabilities of organizations. Existing literature seldom explores the path evolution and dynamic process of ustainable supply chain's governance from the perspective of resources and capabilities. Taking Lenovo's global supply chain as the object, this study conducts a case study using the Resource Orchestration Theory and Relational View. Data shows the sustainable supply chain governance experiences three stages:the first is the core enterprise governance, the second is the supply chain members governance and the third is the supply chain ecosystem governance. Each stage follows the process of governance motivation-governance mechanism-governance effect. The internal and external resources and capabilities of core enterprise play the role of a foundation for governance. The governance mechanism, which comprises resources reorganization, capability reconstruction and value creation, exerts a governance effect with positive feedback, and gradually realizes sustainable governance goal from the inside out. In this paper, the governance path reflects the capability transformation from commitment, via connection and to consistency of Social Resource-based View. The results may have important reference value and management insights for improving the market competitiveness of Chinese enterprises and their supply chains through sustainable governance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Business Model Diversification and the Mechanism of Value Creation: Resource Synergy or Context Interconnection? A Case Study of Meituan from 2010 to 2020 Jiang Jihai, Tang Qian, Wang Fengquan Management Review    2022, 34 (1): 306-321.   Abstract （590）      PDF （1647KB）（908）       Knowledge map    Business model diversification is a typical innovation path for companies seeking value creation, but the causes and consequences of its value creation are still unclear. This paper starts from a new perspective of business model contextualization, discussing the value drivers of business model diversification and the intrinsic mechanism of value creation. First of all, through the coding of case materials, we recognize three value drivers of business model diversification: time-based context interconnection (such as frequency, time, continuity, etc.), space-based context interconnection (such as location-based services, efficient connection, etc.), and proposition-based context interconnection (such as user portrait, functional needs, emotional needs, etc.). Secondly, based on the theoretical basis of service-dominant logic, network effects, and customer collaboration, combined with the case of Meituan, this paper deeply analyzes the intrinsic mechanism of the effect of various value drivers on value creation. Finally, the theoretical framework of the relationship between the value drivers of business model diversification and the results of value creation is summarized. The results of this study show that time-based context interconnection provides users with a one-stop consumption experience, and promotes the increase in the number of users, conversion rate, transaction frequency and other indicators; space-based context interconnection provides diversified and three-dimensional insight into consumer demand and reduces transaction cost, can increase user stickiness, transaction frequency, customer unit price, and monetization rate; proposition-based context interconnection provides users with accurate overall solutions and more value, and promotes the increase in the number of users, conversion rate, customer unit price, monetization rate and other indicators. The three value drivers work together to enhance the creation of value in context. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Research of Developing Humble Leadership Scale in Chinese Context Feng Jingming, Liu Shanshi, Wu Weijiong Management Review    2021, 33 (9): 211-223.   Abstract （586）      PDF （1485KB）（411）       Knowledge map    As business environment changes rapidly, traditional leaders' wishes about "leading at the top of pyramid" are more and more difficult to fulfill. On the contrary, the "bottom-up" humble leadership conforms to the requirement of the time. Although the Western researchers put forward the concept of humble leadership, it always fails to apply in China due to its poor structural validity. Therefore, this research plans to develop a scale of Chinese humble leadership, which will help to fill in such research gap. First, based on the theory of humility and Chinese culture and thoughts, this research deduces the dimensions and construct of Chinese humble leadership. Second, we use qualitative research method to form initial scale. Third, according to the pre-survey, we analyze and modify the initial scale, and then finally generate the formal scale. At last, we examine the criterion-related validity of the new scale. This research successfully develops a three-dimension scale with 19 items, and finds that the Chinese scale can measure the true humility. Besides, the Chinese scale has a better structural validity than the Western scale. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Why do Supervisors Prefer the Voice Behavior of Certain Subordinates? The Effects of Guanxi, Loyalty, Competence and Trust Zhou Hao Management Review    2021, 33 (9): 187-197.   Abstract （552）      PDF （1310KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Employee voice behavior is the source of continuous improvement and innovation of the organization, and voice endorsement is the key to turning it from possibility to reality. This study is designed to examine the influence of guanxi, loyalty, and competence on voice endorsement, and the mediating role of affect- and cognition-based trust. The research based on the sample of 260 dyads of employees-immediate supervisors shows that guanxi, loyalty and competence have a positive effect on voice endorsement. Affect-based trust mediates the relationships between guanxi, loyalty and voice endorsement, whereas cognition-based trust mediates the influence of loyalty and competence on voice endorsement. Finally, the theoretical contributions, empirical implications and future directions are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Premium Effect of the Handmade Products: Based on a Model of Multiple Mediators Liu Jianxin, Fan Xiucheng, Zhang Chenghu Management Review    2021, 33 (8): 171-184.   Abstract （548）      PDF （1336KB）（299）       Knowledge map    With the continuous innovation of production technology and the rapid development of production mode, the mechanized or intelligent production mode with higher efficiency, lower cost and stronger flexibility has held the dominant position, leaving the handmade mode on the edge of disuse. Both observations and researches show that consumers have different cognition and affect toward the products produced by the two production modes, and then have different feedback and purchase willingness. Unfortunately, existing researches hold that the more favor that the handmade products gain from consumers than the machine-made products derive from "love". Obviously this explanation falls short of justifiability and also involves cross-culture issue. In view of this, the research holds that, compared with machine-made products, handmade products are better able to arouse consumers' mental imagery, which evokes consumers' psychological ownership and psychological security and finally turn into the premium effect. Across 3 experiments, the findings indicate that (1) the handmade products generate more easily the premium effect than the machine-made products; (2) the premium effect of the handmade products derives from a mechanism of multiple mediators, for example, from mental imagery to psychological ownership and from mental imagery to psychological security. Meanwhile, traditional culture identity's alternative explanation is also eliminated effectively; (3) the cognitive resource will moderate the influence of the handmade products on mental imagery, which in turn influences psychological ownership and psychological security, and finally influences the premium effect of the handmade products. These conclusions have not only an important theoretical signification in deepening or improving such some important theories as the handmade effect, mental imagery, psychological ownership, psychological security and so on, but also an important managerial implication for manufacturees to change the production mode in order to promote sale of handmade products, and for consumers to rationally treat the handmade products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics