领导跨界行为影响团队创新的内在机制和边界条件:知识管理的视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 团队创新是组织创新的基础。以往主要从团队特征和过程角度考察团队为何能创新，但在如今的开放生态系统中，边界活动的作用不容忽视。本研究引入"领导跨界行为"概念，基于知识管理视角考察了它对团队创新的影响效果、内在机制和边界条件。基于111个研发团队样本进行数据分析，结果发现：领导跨界行为对团队创新有正向影响，这种影响是通过团队成员知识分享质量（而非知识分享数量）的中介作用而实现的；此外，这种影响还受团队沟通质量的调节，即在团队沟通质量高的团队中，领导跨界行为更能促进团队创新。本研究有助于从新的视角理解团队创新的诱发机制，对企业的创新管理实践有一定的启示意义。

关键词: 领导跨界行为, 团队创新, 知识分享, 团队沟通, 知识管理

Abstract: Existing literatures primarily investigate the antecedents of team innovation from team characteristics and process perspectives, paying less attention to the role of external activities and internal-external interface activities. In this study, we introduce leader's boundary spanning behavior, and examine its influence on team innovation as well as the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions. Analysis of a sample of 111 R & D teams indicates that team leader's boundary spanning behavior has a positive effect on team innovation, through the mediating role of knowledge sharing quality (not quantity). Further, team communication is found to marginally moderate leader's boundary spanning behavior, namely team innovation is better improved by leader's boundary spanning behavior when the communication with the team is better. The findings deepen our understanding of antecedents that foster team innovation, and provide implications for team innovation management.

Key words: leader's boundary spanning behavior, team innovation, knowledge sharing, team communication, knowledge management

宋萌, 王震, 张华磊. 领导跨界行为影响团队创新的内在机制和边界条件:知识管理的视角[J]. , 2017, 29(3): 126-135.

Song Meng, Wang Zhen, Zhang Hualei. Understanding the Relationship between Leader Boundary Spanning Behavior and Team Innovation: A Knowledge Management Perspective[J]. , 2017, 29(3): 126-135.

参考文献

[1] Chen G., Farh J. L., Campbell-Bush E. M., et al. Teams as Innovative Systems: Multilevel Motivational Antecedents of Innovation in R&D Teams[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2013,98(6):1018-1027
[2] 黄海艳. 交互记忆系统与研发团队的创新绩效:以心理安全为调节变量[J]. 管理评论, 2014,26(12):91-99
[3] Anderson N., Potocnik K., Zhou J. Innovation and Creativity in Organizations: A State-of-the-Science Review and Prospective Commentary[J]. Journal of Management, 2014,40(5):1297-1333
[4] Hülsheger U. R., Anderson N., Salgado J. F. Team-Level Predictors of Innovation at Work: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Spanning Three Decades of Research[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009,94(5):1128-1145
[5] Ancona D. G. Outward Bound: Strategic for Team Survival in An Organization[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1990,33(2):334-365
[6] Tushman M. L. Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1977,22(4):587-605
[7] Choi J. N. External Activities and Team Effectiveness: Review and Theoretical Development[J]. Small Group Research, 2002,33(2):181-208
[8] 薛会娟. 国外团队跨界行为研究回顾与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2010,32(9):10-15
[9] Ancona D. G., Caldwell D. F. Bridging the Boundary: External Activity and Performance in Organizational Teams[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1992,37(4):634-665
[10] Somech A., Khalaili A. Team Boundary Activity: Its Mediating Role in the Relationship between Structural Conditions and Team Innovation[J]. Group & Organization Management, 2014,39(3):274-299
[11] 袁庆宏,张华磊,王震,等. 研发团队跨界活动对团队创新绩效的"双刃剑"效应: 团队反思的中介作用和授权领导的调节作用[J]. 南开管理评论, 2015,18(3):13-23
[12] 奉小斌. 研发团队跨界行为对创新绩效的影响: 任务复杂性的调节作用[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2012,24(3):56-65
[13] 徐建中,曲小瑜. 团队跨界行为、知识交易与团队创造力关系研究: 基于装备制造企业的实证分析[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2014,35(7):151-161
[14] Graen G., Cashman J. F., Ginsburg S., et al. Effects of Linking-Pin Quality on the Quality of Working Life of Lower Participants[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1977,22(3):491-504
[15] Amabile T. M. A Model of Creativity and Innovation in Organization[J]. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1988,19(1):123-167
[16] Gurteen D. Knowledge, Creativity and Innovation[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 1998,2(1):5-13
[17] de Vries R. E., van den Hooff B., de Ridder J. A. Explaining Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Team Communication Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Beliefs[J]. Communication Research, 2006,33(2):115-135
[18] Marrone J. A. Team Boundary Spanning: A Multilevel Review of Past Research and Proposals for the Future[J]. Journal of Management, 2010,36(4):911-940
[19] Marrone J. A., Tesluk P. E., Carson J. B. A Multilevel Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences of Team Member Boundary-Spanning Behavior[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007,50(6):1423-1439
[20] 刘松博,李育辉. 员工跨界行为的作用机制: 网络中心性和集体主义的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2014,46(6):852-863
[21] Spender J. C., Grant R. M. Knowledge and the Firm: Overview[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996,17(1):5-9
[22] Wang S., Noe R. A. Knowledge Sharing: A Review and Directions for Future Research[J]. Human Resource Management Review, 2010,20(2):115-131
[23] 张卉,孙海法. 知识管理视角下的团队创新: 一个新的研究框架[J]. 现代管理科学, 2008,(9):91-93
[24] Speakman R. E. Influence and Information: An Exploratory Investigation of the Boundary Role Person's Basis of Power[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1979,22(1):104-117
[25] Tushman M. L., Scanlan T. J. Boundary Spanning Individuals: Their Role in Information Transfer and Their Antecedents[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1981,24(2):289-305
[26] Leifer R., Delbecq A. Organizational/Environmental Interchange: A Model of Boundary Spanning Activity[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1978,3(1):40-50
[27] Brion S., Chauvet V., Chollet B., et al. Project Leaders as Boundary Spanners: Relational Antecedents and Performance Outcomes[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2012,30(6):708-722
[28] Wachner T. R., Arthurs J. D. Boundary Spanners as A Strategic Resource: The Vital Role of Information Flow[C]. American Marketing Association Winter Educators' Conference: Marketing Theory and Applications, 2007
[29] Mehra A., Dixon A. L., Brass D. J., et al. The Social Network Ties of Group Leaders: Implications for Group Performance and Leader Reputation[J]. Organization Science, 2006,17(1):64-79
[30] Shin S. J., Zhou J. When is Educational Specialization Heterogeneity Related to Creativity in Research and Development Teams? Transformational Leadership as A Moderator[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007,92(6):1709-1721
[31] 杨玉浩,龙君伟. 企业员工知识分享的结构与测量[J]. 心理学报, 2008,40(3):350-357
[32] 钱春海. 团队内知识分享行为影响因素的结构性研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2010,13(5):36-44
[33] Reinholt M., Pedersen T., Foss N. J. Why A Central Network Position Isn't Enough: The Role of Motivation and Ability for Knowledge Sharing in Employee Networks[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54(6):1277-1297
[34] Chiu C. M., Hsu M. H., Wang E. T. G. Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities: An Integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2006,42(3):1872-1888
[35] Burt R. S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992
[36] Pfeffer J., Salancik G. The External Control of Organizations[M]. New York: Harper & Row, 1978
[37] Cross R., Cummings J. N. Tie and Network Correlates of Individual Performance in Knowledge Intensive Work[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2004,47(6):928-937
[38] Hogg M. A. A Social Identity Theory of Leadership[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2001,5(3):184-200
[39] 刘宁,贾俊生. 研发团队多元性、知识分享与创新绩效关系的实证研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2012,15(6):85-92
[40] Jiang W., Gu Q., Wang G. G. To Guide or to Divide: The Dual-Side Effects of Transformational Leadership on Team Innovation[J]. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2015,30(4):677-691
[41] Werner J. M., Lester S. W. Applying A Team Effectiveness Framework to the Performance of Student Case Teams[J]. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 2001,12(4):385-402
[42] Hirst G., Mann L. A Model of R&D Leadership and Team Communication: The Relationship with Project Performance[J]. R&D Management, 2004,34(2):147-160
[43] Kraut R. E., Egido C., Galegher J. Patterns of Contact and Communication in Scientific Research Collaboration[C]. Intellectual Teamwork: Social and Technological Bases of Cooperative Work, 1990
[44] Reich B. H., Benbasat I. Factors That Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2000,24(1):81-113
[45] Lester S. W., Meglino B. M., Korsgaard M. A. The Antecedents and Consequences of Group Potency: A Longitudinal Investigation of Newly Formed Work Groups[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2002,45(2):352-368
[46] Hendriks P. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J]. Knowledge and Process Management, 1999,6(2):91-100
[47] Tjosvold D., Tang M. M., West M. Reflexivity for Team Innovation in China: The Contribution of Goal Interdependence[J]. Group & Organization Management, 2004,29(5):540-559
[48] Lu L., Leung K., Koch P. T. Managerial Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors[J]. Management and Organization Review, 2006,2(1):15-41
[49] de Vries R. E., Roe R. A., Taillieu T. C. B. Need for Leadership as A Moderator of the Relationships between Leadership and Individual Outcomes[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2002,13(2):121-137
[50] Martins L. L., Veiga J. F. Moderators of the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Career Satisfaction[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2002,45(2):399-409
[51] Nahum-Shani I., Somech A. Leadership, OCB and Individual Differences: Idiocentrism and Allocentrism as Moderators of the Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership and OCB[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2011,22(2):353-366
[52] Rosing K., Frese M., Bausch A. Explaining the Heterogeneity of the Leadership-Innovation Relationship: Ambidextrous Leadership[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2011,22(5):956-974
[53] 周飞,林春培,孙锐. 道德领导与组织管理创新关系研究: 非正式知识共享的中介作用[J]. 管理评论, 2015,27(5):169-177
[54] Argote L., McEvily B., Reagans R. Managing Knowledge in Organizations: An Integrative Framework and Review of Emerging Themes[J]. Management Science, 2003,49(4):571-582
[55] Maitlis S. The Social Processes of Organizational Sensemaking[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005,48(1):21-49
[56] Lievens A., Moenaert R. K. Project Team Communication in Financial Service Innovation[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2010,37(5):733-766
[57] Korschun D. Boundary Spanning Employees and Relationships with External Stakeholders: A Social Identity Approach[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2015,40(4):611-629