The New Path of the Effect of Openness on Innovative Capacity: A Moderated Mediation Model

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the context of open innovation, this paper explores the new path of the impact of openness on innovative capacity by analyzing questionnaire data from 211 emerging enterprises in China. The study focuses on the mediating effect of knowledge spillovers between openness and innovative capacity, and further investigates the mechanism of organization learning via structuring and examining a moderated mediation model. The findings show that knowledge spillovers mediate the positive relationship between openness and innovative capacity, and additionally, exploitation learning negatively moderate the relationship between corporations' innovation openness and mediator (i.e., knowledge spillover) as well as the indirect relationship between openness and innovative capacity. This paper provides both academic and practical guidance for emerging firms to enhance their innovative capacity by utilizing knowledge spillovers and balancing different forms of organization learning.

Key words: innovation openness, knowledge spillovers, innovative capacity, organization learning, moderated mediation model

Jiang Zhenyu, Wang Zongjun, Pan Wenyan. The New Path of the Effect of Openness on Innovative Capacity: A Moderated Mediation Model[J]. , 2019, 31(10): 85-98.

References

[1] Dong J. Q., Netten J. Information Technology and External Search in the Open Innovation Age:New Findings from Germany[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017,120(7):223-231
[2] Banerjee T., Siebert R. Dynamic Impact of Uncertainty on R&D Cooperation Formation and Research Performance:Evidence from the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry[J]. Research Policy, 2017,46(7):1255-1271
[3] Chesbrough H., Kardon C. A. Beyond High Tech:Early Adopters of Open Innovation in Other Industries[J]. R&D Management, 2006,36(3):229-236
[4] Aloini D., Martini A. Exploring the Exploratory Search for Innovation:A Structural Equation Modeling Test for Practices and Performance[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2013,61(1):23-46
[5] Katila R., Chen E. L., Piezunka H. All the Right Moves:How Entrepreneurial Firms Compete Effectively[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2012,6(2):116-132
[6] 张座铭,刘玮,易明. 开放式创新与企业创新能力的"倒U型"关系实证研究[J]. 工业技术经济, 2014,32(1):75-81
[7] 陈钰芬,陈劲. 开放度对企业技术创新绩效的影响[J]. 科学学研究, 2008,26(2):419-426
[8] Tsai K. H., Hsieh M. H., Hultink E. J. External Technology Acquisition and Product Innovativeness:the Moderating Roles of R&D Investment and Configurational Context[J]. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2011,28(3):184-200
[9] Clausen T. H. External Knowledge Sourcing from Innovation Cooperation and the Role of Absorptive Capacity:Empirical Evidence from Norway and Sweden[J]. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 2013,25(1):57-70
[10] 庄惠明,郑剑山. 中国服务业FDI的效应研究:基于技术溢出与竞争排斥视角[J]. 管理评论, 2015,27(2):26-34
[11] Lapple D., Renwick A., Cullinan J., et al. What Drives Innovation in the Agricultural Sector? A Spatial Analysis of Knowledge Spillovers[J]. Land Use Policy, 2016,56(11):238-250.
[12] 曹勇,蒋振宇,孙合林. 创新开放度对新兴企业知识溢出效应的影响研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2015,36(1):151-161
[13] Ramadani V., Abazi-Alili H., Dana L. P., et al. The Impact of Knowledge Spillovers and Innovation on Firm-Performance:Findings from the Balkans Countries[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2017,13(1):299-325
[14] 张振刚,李云健,余传鹏. 利用式学习与探索式学习的平衡及互补效应研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2014,35(8):162-171
[15] 李志远,王雪方. 组织学习与客户知识管理能力的关系研究——关系嵌入的调节[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2015,36(3):152-162
[16] Mohan P. P., Sang O. C. Exploring the Relationships Between the Learning Organization and Organizational Performance[J]. Management Research Review, 2015,38(2):126-148
[17] Ajay K. J., Ana M. Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management Practices and Firm's Performance:an Empirical Study of a Heavy Engineering Firm in India[J]. The Learning Organization, 2015,22(1):14-39
[18] Crossan M. M., Lane H. W., White R. E. An Organizational Learning Framework:from Intuition to Institution[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1999,24(3):522-537
[19] Weng R. H., Huang C. Y. The Impact of Exploration and Exploitation Learning on Organisational Innovativeness Among Hospitals:An Open Innovation View[J]. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2017,29(2):119-132
[20] Noh M., Kim H., Jang H. Learning Performance and Business Performance of Knowledge Management Organizations:The Moderating Effect of Technological Capability[J]. Information Development, 2016,32(3):637-654
[21] Chesbrough H. Open Innovation, the New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 2003
[22] Nicola B. Different Practices for Open Innovation:A Context-Based Approach[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2013,17(4):558-568
[23] Laursen K., Salter A. Open for Innovation:The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance among UK Manufacturing Firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27(2):131-150
[24] Lichtenthaler U. Outbound Open Innovation and the Effect on Firm Performance:Examining Environmental Influences[J]. R&D Management, 2009,39(4):317-330
[25] Lichtenthaler U. Open Innovation:Past Research, Current Debates, and Future Directions[J]. Academy of Management Perspectives, 2011,25(1):75-93
[26] Pisano G. P., Verganti R. Which Kind of Collaboration is Right for You[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2008,86(12):78-86
[27] Dahlander L., Gann D. M. How Open is Innovation?[J]. Research Policy, 2010,39(6):699-709
[28] 王艳,赵立雨,师萍. 知识溢出效应影响因素、机理及测度模型研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2009,53(20):110-113
[29] Gast J., Werner A., Kraus S. Antecedents of the Small Firm Effect:The Role of Knowledge Spillover and Blocked Mobility for Employee Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2017,13(1):277-297
[30] 许箫迪,王子龙,谭清美. 知识溢出效应测度的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2007,28(5):76-86
[31] Zhang L. The Knowledge Spillover Effects of FDI on the Productivity and Efficiency of Research Activities in China[J]. China Economic Review, 2017,42(2):1-14
[32] Andrea B., Cinzia D. Measuring Knowledge Spillover Effects via Conditional Nonparametric Analysis[R]. Department of Electrical Systems and Automation University of Pisa, Italy, 2007
[33] Liao T. J. Clusters, Technological Knowledge Spillovers, and Performance:The Moderating Roles of Local Ownership Ties and a Local Market Orientation[J]. Management Decision, 2015,53(2):469-490
[34] Huang F., Rice J., Martin N. Does Open Innovation Apply to China? Exploring the Contingent Role of External Knowledge Sources and Internal Absorptive Capacity in Chinese Large Firms and SMEs[J]. Journal of Management & Organization, 2015,21(5):594-613
[35] Meeus M. T. H., Oerlemans L. A. G., Hage J. Sectorial Patterns of Interactive Learning:An Empirical Exploration of a Case in a Dutch Region[J]. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2001,13(3):407-431
[36] 陈国权. 组织学习和学习型组织:概念、能力模型、测量及对绩效的影响[J]. 管理评论, 2009,21(1):107-116
[37] He Z., Wong P. Exploration and Exploitation:An Empirical Test of the Ambidexterity Hypothesis[J]. Organization Science, 2004,15(4):481-494
[38] Burns T., Stalker G. M. The Management of Innovation[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1994
[39] Zhu L. Y., Cheung S. O. Harvesting Competitiveness through Building Organizational Innovation Capacity[J]. Journal of Management in Engineering, 2017,33(5):1-15
[40] 牛冲槐,刘颖祺,牛彤. 我国高新技术企业自主创新能力评价与差异化分析[J]. 经济问题, 2014,36(5):78-82
[41] Capon N., Farley J., Lehmann D., et al. Profiles of Product Innovators among Large US Manufacturers[J]. Management Science, 1992,38(2):157-169
[42] Cropley D. H., Cropley A. J., Chiera B. A., et al. Diagnosing Organizational Innovation:Measuring the Capacity for Innovation[J]. Creativity Research Journal, 2013,25(4):388-396
[43] 陈艳,范炳全. 中小企业开放式创新能力与创新绩效的关系研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2013,25(1):24-35
[44] Katila R., Ahuja G. Something Old, Something New:A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product Introduction[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2002,45(8):1183-1194
[45] Spithoven A., Vanhaverbeke W., Roijakkers N. Open Innovation Practices in SMEs and Large Enterprises[J]. Small Business Economics, 2013,41(3):537-562
[46] Brigitte G. Open Innovation, Networking, and Business Model Dynamics:The Two Sides[J]. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2014,3(2):1-20
[47] Operti E., Carnabuci G. Public Knowledge, Private Gain:The Effect of Spillover Networks on Firms' Innovative Performance[J]. Journal of Management, 2014,40(4):1042-1074
[48] Wang F. R., Chen J., Wang Y. D., et al. The Effect of R&D Novelty and Openness Decision on Firms' Catch-Up Performance:Empirical Evidence from China[J]. Technovation, 2014,34(1):21-30
[49] 曹勇,蒋振宇,孙合林,等. 知识溢出效应、创新能力与创新意愿:来自战略性新兴产业企业的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2016,34(1):89-98
[50] Hsiao Y. C., Chen C. J., Choi Y. R. The Innovation and Economic Consequences of Knowledge Spillovers:Fit Between Exploration and Exploitation Capabilities, Knowledge Attributes, and Transfer Mechanisms[J]. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2017,29(8):872-885
[51] Todtling F., Kaufmann A. Innovation Systems in Regions of Europe——A Comparative Perspective[J]. European Planning Studies, 1999,7(6):699-719
[52] Robert S., Renata L. The Relations Between Innovation Openness (Open Innovation) and the Innovation Potential of SMEs[J]. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015,23(2):1521-1526
[53] Dirk S. Open Innovation and Knowledge Networking in a Multinational Corporation[J]. Journal of Business Strategy, 2015,36(1):14-24
[54] Lars B., Nicolette L., Valentina L., et al. Open to a Select Few? Matching Partners and Knowledge Content for Open Innovation Performance[J]. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2015,24(1):72-86
[55] Sabine B., Wim V. Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs):External Knowledge Sourcing Strategies and Internal Organizational Facilitators[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2015,53(4):1241-1263
[56] 蒋振宇. 新兴企业创新开放度、知识溢出效应与创新能力的关系研究[D]. 武汉纺织大学硕士学位论文, 2016
[57] Lichtenthaler U. Absorptive Capacity, Environmental Turbulence and the Complementarity of Organizational Learning Processes[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2009,52(4):822-846
[58] 林筠,王蒙. 交互记忆系统对团队探索式学习和利用式学习的影响:以团队反思为中介[J]. 管理评论, 2014,26(6):143-150
[59] Atuahene G. K. Resolving the Capability-Rigidity Paradox in New Product Innovation[J]. Journal of Marketing, 2005,69(4):61-83
[60] Horng C., Tswei K., Chen W. Exploitation and Exploration:Learning Through Key Buyers and Overseas Subsidiaries[J]. Asia Pacific Management Review, 2009,14(1):47-67
[61] Christopher J. M., Jan T. Exploring and Exploiting Network Relationships to Commercialize Technology:A Biofuel Case[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2015,42(5):42-52
[62] Alessandra C., Jackie K., Francesco Q. High-Growth Firms and Technological Knowledge:Do Gazelles Follow Exploration or Exploitation Strategies?[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2014,23(1):261-291
[63] Meier L. L., Spector P. E. Reciprocal Effects of Work Stressors and Counterproductive Work Behavior:A Five-Wave Longitudinal Study[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2013,98(3):529-539
[64] 高大伟,周德群,王群伟. 国际贸易、R&D技术溢出及其对中国全要素能源效率的影响[J]. 管理评论, 2010,22(8):122-128
[65] Podsakoff P. M., MacKenzie S. B., Lee J. Y., et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003,88(5):879-903
[66] 温忠麟,叶宝娟. 有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补?[J]. 心理学报, 2014,46(5):714-726
[67] 赵凤,王铁男,王宇. 开放式创新中的外部技术获取与产品多元化:动态能力的调节作用研究[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(6):76-85