认知评价视角下工作压力对员工幸福感的影响机制研究——工作反刍和特质正念的作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以压力认知交互理论与持续性认知理论为基础，引入工作反刍（问题解决沉思和情感反刍）与特质正念作为中间变量，基于385份纵向问卷的结构方程建模结果，得到如下结论：（1）员工对工作压力源同时产生挑战、阻断和威胁性评价。挑战性压力源主要引发挑战性评价，而阻断性压力源主要诱发威胁性评价。（2）挑战性评价引发了员工在非工作时间的问题解决沉思，阻断和威胁性评价则诱发情感反刍。“压力源→认知评价→持续性认知→幸福感”的链式中介关系成立。（3）特质正念强化了员工对挑战性压力源的积极评价，减弱他们对该类压力源的负面评价，但员工对阻断性压力源的初步认知评价不受正念影响。（4）特质正念加快将员工对压力源的积极初步认知转化为积极持续认知，同时减缓他们对压力源的负面认知转化为负面持续性认知，最终有利于提高他们的幸福感。研究揭示了压力对幸福感的复杂作用机制，为管理者制定针对性的压力干预措施提供了启发。

关键词: 工作压力, 工作相关反刍, 幸福感, 特质正念

Abstract: Drawing on the transaction theory of stress and perseverative cognition model, this paper introduces work-related rumination and trait mindfulness as intermediate variables. Based on 385 longitudinal questionnaire data analysis, this study finds the following results. Individuals will have challenge, hindrance and threat appraisal on stressors. Challenging stressors mainly lead to challenge appraisal, and hindrance stressors mainly lead to threat appraisal. Challenge appraisal positively predicts problem-solving pondering, while hindrance and threat appraisal positively predict affective rumination. The chain mediating relationship of "stressor → cognitive appraisal → perseverative cognition → wellbeing" is established. Trait mindfulness enhances individuals' positive appraisal of challenging stressors and weakens individuals' negative appraisal of such stressors, but the cognitive appraisal of hindrance stressors is not affected by mindfulness. Mindfulness can transform individuals' positive appraisal of stressors into positive perseverative cognition, and slow down individuals' negative appraisal of stressors into negative perseverative cognition, which is ultimately conducive to improving wellbeing. The study reveals the complex mechanism of work stress' influence on employees' wellbeing, and provides inspiration for managers to formulate targeted stress management strategies.

Key words: work pressure, work-related rumination, wellbeing, mindfulness

冯星宇, 韩平. 认知评价视角下工作压力对员工幸福感的影响机制研究——工作反刍和特质正念的作用[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(1): 175-187.

Feng Xingyu, Han Ping. A Research into the Mechanism of Job Stress' Influence on Employees' Wellbeing from the Perspective of Cognitive Evaluation—The Role of Work-related Rumination and Trait Mindfulness[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(1): 175-187.

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