主动性人格对员工任务绩效和组织公民行为的影响机制研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于社会交换理论，本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型，具体探讨主动性人格与任务绩效和组织公民行为（organizational citizenship behavior，OCB）的关系，以及此关系中领导-成员交换（leader-member exchange，LMX）的中介作用和仁慈领导的调节作用。本研究开展了两个调查研究：研究一通过网络调研平台收集了200名来自不同行业和企业的员工样本；研究二通过多源、多时点的现场调查，获得了来自44名主管和206名员工的配对数据。结构方程模型的分析结果显示： ①员工的主动性人格对其任务绩效和OCB具有正向影响，LMX在其中起到了中介作用； ②仁慈领导负向调节LMX与任务绩效和OCB的关系，即领导越仁慈，LMX与任务绩效和OCB的正向关系越弱。研究结论为更全面和辩证地认识仁慈型领导提供了新思路和有益启示。

关键词: 主动性人格, 领导成员交换, 任务绩效, 组织公民行为, 仁慈型领导

Abstract: Employees' proactiveness in transforming their environment is one of the most important things that businesses need to get and keep a competitive edge in a rapidly shifting market. Since leader-member exchange (LMX) is a key part of workplace that helps employees reach their goals, it makes sense for employees with a high level of proactive personality to try to change it. Based on social exchange theory, this study constructs a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between proactive personality and task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), as well as the mediating role of LMX and the moderating role of benevolent leadership in this relationship. Two studies are conducted. Study 1 collects a sample of 200 employees from various industries and organizations via an online survey platform, and study 2 collects paired data from 44 supervisors and 206 employees via a multi-source, multi-time field survey. Using structural equation modeling to examine the two surveys' data, the research reaches the following conclusions. (1) Proactive personality has positive effects on task performance and OCB; (2) LMX mediates the effects of proactive personality on task performance and OCB; and (3) Benevolent leadership has a negative moderating effect on the relationships between LMX and task performance and OCB. That is, the more benevolent leadership there is, the weaker the positive relationship between LMX, task performance and OCB is. This paper not only helps us learn more about how proactive personality affect employees' task performance and OCB based on a multifaceted view of member, leader and LMX, but it also gives us new ideas and useful information to learn more about benevolent leadership from every angle and in a dialectical way.

Key words: proactive personality, leader-member exchange (LMX), task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), benevolent leadership

陈亚硕, 杨春江. 主动性人格对员工任务绩效和组织公民行为的影响机制研究[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(1): 188-200.

Chen Yashuo, Yang Chunjiang. The Mechanism of How Proactive Personality Influences Employees' Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(1): 188-200.

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