国家自主创新示范区设立优化了区域创新结构吗?——基于合成控制法的实证评估

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过理论分析科技园驱动区域创新结构优化的内在机制，将科技园划分为“僵尸”型、“飞地”型和“温床”型三重发展境界；并以2009年设立的武汉东湖国家自主创新示范区（简称东湖示范区）为政策处理组，借助合成控制法实证评估了其建立对湖北省多层次创新创业的影响效果。研究发现：从规模上看，东湖示范区设立未影响湖北省低端创新，但对湖北省中、高端创新和创新商业化均有着显著且日益增强的促进作用。从结构上看，东湖示范区设立呈现出对层次越高的创新有着越大促进效应的特点，对区域科技创业水平也有着不断增强的提升效果。表明东湖示范区设立不仅多维度扩大了湖北省的区域创新规模，更从创新层次升级和科技成果转化两方面持续优化了区域创新结构。从超越了“僵尸”型和“飞地”型科技园阶段，发挥了区域创新“温床”作用的角度，解释了武汉东湖示范区取得初步成功的原因。

关键词: 科技园, 区域创新结构, 创新飞地, 创新温床, 合成控制法

Abstract: Science and technology parks are widely treated as an important initiative in the world to promote local high-level technological innovation and incubation of knowledge-intensive enterprises. However, science and technology parks may not turn out as expected in reality. In this paper, we firstly theoretically analyze the internal mechanism of how science and technology parks can optimize regional innovation structure, and divide science and technology parks are divided into “zombie” type, “enclave” type and “seedbeds” type on the basis of heterogeneous development state. Then, taking Wuhan East Lake National Innovation Demonstration Zone as the treated region, we empirically evaluate the effects of its establishment on multidimensional regional innovation and start-up of Hubei province via synthetic control methods. After a series of benchmark evaluation, robustness checks and placebo studies, we reach the following conclusions. From the perspective of innovation scale, the establishment of Wuhan East Lake National Innovation Demonstration Zone has no effect on low-level innovation in Hubei province, but has a significant and increasing promoting effect on medium-level innovation, high-level innovation and innovation commercialization in Hubei Province. From the perspective of innovation structure, the higher the level of innovation, the greater the promotion effect of the establishment of demonstration areas.The establishment of demonstration areas has also greatly and continuously enhanced the promotion effect on the level of regional science and technology entrepreneurship. The results show that the establishment of Wuhan East Lake National Innovation Demonstration Zone not only improves the scale of regional innovation in Hubei province, but also optimizes the regional innovation structure of Hubei Province by upgrading technological innovation levels and driving commercialization of the existing scientific and technological achievements. Lastly, we owe the initial success of Wuhan East Lake Science Park to its transcending the stage of “zombie” and “enclave” tech parks, and playing the role of regional innovation “seedbeds”.

Key words: science and technology parks, regional innovation structure, seedbeds of regional innovation, enclaves of regional innovation, synthetic control methods

曹玉平. 国家自主创新示范区设立优化了区域创新结构吗?——基于合成控制法的实证评估[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(4): 128-143.

Cao Yuping. Does the Establishment of National Innovation Demonstration Zone Optimize Regional Innovation Structure?——Empirical Evaluation Based on Synthetic Control Methods[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(4): 128-143.

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