Membership Change in Entrepreneurial Teams: A Review and Prospect for Future Research

Abstract

Abstract: In the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial teams, it is a universal and inevitable phenomenon that existing members exit and new members join. The mechanism for introducing external able persons to replace internal non-performers contributes significantly to the heterogeneous human capital, effective governance structure, good cohesion and strong motivation that a successful entrepreneurial team must have. Based on the relevant literature, this paper systematically summarizes the influencing factors, the content of membership change and the performance. Then it sorts out the basic trends in current research on the change of entrepreneurial team members, analyzes the limitations and shortcomings, constructs tentatively an integrated research framework of membership change, and finally puts forward some corresponding suggestions and prospects for future research.

Key words: entrepreneurial team, membership change, review, prospect for future research

Zeng Chuhong, Wang Zhao, Guan Zhihua. Membership Change in Entrepreneurial Teams: A Review and Prospect for Future Research[J]. Management Review, 2020, 32(12): 112-124.

References

[1] Gartner W. B., Shaver K. G., Gatewood E., et al. Finding the Entrepreneur in Entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1994,18(3):5-10
[2] 叶竹馨,买忆媛. 创业团队的认知结构与创新注意力:基于TMS视角的多案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(4):225-240
[3] Lechler T. Social Interaction:A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Success[J]. Small Business Economics, 2001,16(4):263-278
[4] 曾楚宏,叶冬秀,朱仁宏. 创业团队研究:理论框架与观点评述[J]. 财经科学, 2015,(2):89-99
[5] Forbes D. P., Borchert P. S., Zellmer-Bruhn M. E., et al. Entrepreneurial Team Formation:An Exploration of New Member Addition[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2006,30(2):225-248
[6] 张广琦,陈忠卫,李宏贵. 什么样的创业团队才有助于降低离职倾向?[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(12):127-144
[7] Klotz A. C., Hmieleski K. M., Bradley B. H., et al. New Venture Teams:A Review of the Literature and Roadmap for Future Research[J]. Journal of Management, 2014,40(1):226-255
[8] 朱仁宏,曾楚宏,戴吉林. 创业团队研究述评与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2012,34(11):11-18
[9] Ucbasaran D., Locket A., Wright M., et al. Entrepreneurial Founder Teams:Factors Associated with Member Entry and Exit[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2003,28(2):107-128
[10] 何正亮,龙立荣. 创业创始人团队成员变动研究评介[J]. 商业研究, 2012,54(10):93-99
[11] Kamm J. B., Nurick A. J. The Stages of Team Venture Formation:A Decision-making Model[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1993,17(2):17-27
[12] Larson A., Starr J. A. A Network Model of Organization Formation[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1993,17(2):5-15
[13] McPherson J. M., Smith-Lovin L., Cook J. M. Birds of a Feather:Homophily in Social Networks[J]. Annual Review of Sociology, 2001,27:415-444
[14] Ruef M., Aldrich H. E., Carter N. The Structure of Founding Teams:Homophily, Strong Ties, and Isolation among U.S. Entrepreneurs[J]. American Sociological Review, 2003,68(2):195-225
[15] Aldrich H. E., Kim P. H. Small Worlds, Infinite Possibilities? How Social Networks Affect Entrepreneurial Team Formation and Search[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007,28(1):147-165
[16] Amason A. C., Shrader R. C., Tompson G. H. Newness and Novelty:Relating Top Management Team Composition to New Venture Performance[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2006,21(1):125-148
[17] Beckman C. M., Burton M. D. Founding the Future:Path Dependence in the Evolution of Top Management Teams from Founding to IPO[J]. Organization Science, 2008,19(1):3-24
[18] Bourdieu P. The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups[J]. Social Science Information, 1985,24(2):195-220
[19] Florin J. M., Lubatkin M., Schulze W. A Social Capital Model of New Venture Performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2003,46(3):374-384
[20] 谢雅萍,张金连. 创业团队社会资本与新创企业绩效关系[J]. 管理评论, 2014,26(7):104-114
[21] Pfeffer J., Salancik G. The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper & Row, 1978
[22] Buchholtz A., Ribbens B., Houle I. The Role of Human Capital in Post-acquisition CEO Departure[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2003,46(4):506-530
[23] Clarysse B., Moray N. A Process Study of Entrepreneurial Team Formation:The Case of a Research-based Spin-off[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2004,19(1):55-79
[24] Ensley M. D., Carland J. C., Carland J. W., et al. Exploring the Existence of Entrepreneurial Teams[J]. International Journal of Management, 1999,16(2):276-286
[25] Francis D. H., Sandberg W. R. Friendship within Entrepreneurial Teams and Its Association with Team and Venture Performance[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2000,25(2):5-26
[26] Boeker W., Karichalil R. Entrepreneurial Transitions:Factors Influencing Founder Departure[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2002,45(3):818-826
[27] Chandler G. N., Honig B., Wiklund J. Antecedents, Moderators, and Performance Consequences of Membership Change in New Venture Teams[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005,20(5):705-725
[28] Guenther C., Oertel S., Walgenbach P. It's All About Timing:Age-Dependent Consequences of Founder Exits and New Member Additions[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2016,40(4):843-865
[29] Crifo P., Sami H. Entrepreneurship Turnover and Endogenous Returns to Ability[J]. Economic Modelling, 2008,25(4):585-604
[30] Gurley-Calvez T., and Bruce D. Do Tax Cuts Promote Entrepreneurial Longevity?[J]. National Tax Journal, 2008,61(2):225-250
[31] Wennberg K., Wiklund J., DeTienne D., et al. Reconceptualizing Entrepreneurial Exit:Divergent Exit Routes and Their Drivers[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2010,25(4):361-375
[32] 陶雅,赵素芳,胡翔. 创业退出:基于系统文献综述法的研究回顾与展望[J]. 经济管理, 2018,39(6):191-208
[33] DeTienne D., Cardon M. S. Entrepreneurial Exit Strategies:The Impact of Human Capital[J]. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 2006,26(5):1-13
[34] Kato M., Honjo Y. Entrepreneurial Human Capital and the Survival of New Firms in High- and Low-Tech Sectors[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2015,25(5):925-957
[35] Lee S. M., Lee B. Entrepreneur Characteristics and the Success of Venture Exit:An Analysis of Single-Founder Start-Ups in the U. S.[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2015,11(4):891-905
[36] Caliendo M., Fossen F., Kritikos A. S. Personality Characteristics and the Decisions to Become and Stay Self-Employed[J]. Small Business Economics, 2014,42(4):787-814
[37] Dawson C., Henley A. Over-Optimism and Entry and Exit from Self-Employment[J]. International Small Business Journal, 2013,31(8):938-954
[38] Amason A. C., Sapienza H. J. The Effects of Top Management Team Size and Interaction Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict[J]. Journal of Management, 1997,23(4):495-516
[39] Wagner W., Pfeffer J., O'Reilly III C. A. Organizational Demography and Turnover in Top Management Groups[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1983,29(1):74-92
[40] Hambrick D. G., Grozier L. M. Stumblers and stars in the Management of Rapid Growth[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1985,1(1):31-45
[41] Daily G. M., Dalton D. R. Financial Performance of Founder-managed versus Professionally Managed Corporations[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2002,30(2):25-34
[42] Greiner L. E. Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1972,50(4):37-46
[43] Elfenbein D. W., Knott A. M., Croson R. Equity Stakes and Exit:An Experimental Approach to Decomposing Exit Dela[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2017,38(2):278-299
[44] Boeker W., Wiltbank R. New Venture Evolution and Managerial Capabilities[J]. Organization Science, 2005,16(2):123-133
[45] Wasserman N. Founder-CEO Succession and the Paradox of Entrepreneurial Success[J]. Organization Science, 2003,14(2):149-172
[46] 贺小刚,朱丽娜,吕斐斐,等. 创业者缘何退出:制度环景视角的研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2019,22(5):101-116
[47] Goncalo J. A., Staw B. M. Individualism-collectivism and Group Creativity[J]. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 2006,100(1):96-109
[48] Chandler G. N., Lyon D. W. Involvement in Knowledge-acquisition Activities by Venture Team Members and Venture Performance[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2009,33(3):571-592
[49] Brinckmann J., Hoegl M. Effects of Initial Teamwork Capability and Initial Relational Capability on the Development of New Technology-based Firms[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2011,5(1):37-57
[50] Haveman H. A., Khaire M. V. Survival beyond Succession? The Contingent Impact of Founder Succession on Organizational Failure[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2004,19(3):437-463
[51] Beckman C. M., Burton M. D., O'Reilly C. Early Teams:The Impact of Team Demography on VC Financing and Going Public[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2007,22(2):147-173
[52] Alexander J. A., Bloom J. R., Nuchols B. A. Nursing Turnover and Hospital Efficiency:An Organization-level Analysis[J]. Industrial Relations, 1994,33(4):505-520
[53] Hulin C. L., Roznowski M., Hachiya D. Alternative Opportunities and Withdrawal Decisions:Empirical and Theoretical Discrepancies and an Integration[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1985,97(2):233-250
[54] Fiet J. O., Busenitz L. W., Moesel D. D., et al. Complementary Perspectives New Venture Team Members[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1997,12(5):347-365
[55] Luzzi A., Sasson A. Individual Entrepreneurial Exit and Earnings in Subsequent Paid Employment[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2016,40(2):401-420
[56] Palia D., Ravid S. A., Chia-Jane Wang. Founders versus Non-founders in Large Companies:Financial Incentives and the Call for Regulation[J]. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2008,33(1):55-86
[57] Loane S., Bell J., Cunningham I. Entrepreneurial Founding Team Exits in Rapidly Internationalising SMEs:A Double-Edged Sword[J]. International Business Review, 2014,23(2):468-477
[58] Bamford C. E., Bruton G. D., Hinson Y. L. Founder/Chief Executive Officer Exit:A Social Capital Perspective of New Ventures[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2006,44(2):207-220
[59] 贺小刚,张远飞,梅琳. 创始人离任对企业成长的影响分析[J]. 管理学报, 2013,10(6):816-823
[60] Hyytinen A., Rouvinen P. The Labour Market Consequences of Self-Employment Spells:European Evidence[J]. Labour Economics, 2008,15(2):246-271
[61] DeTienne D. R. Entrepreneurial Exit as a Critical Component of the Entrepreneurial Process:Theoretical Development[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2010,25(2):203-215
[62] DeTienne D. R., Cardon M. S. Impact of Founder Experience on Exit Intentions[J]. Small Business Economics, 2012,38(4):351-374
[63] 梅琳,贺小刚,李婧. 创始人渐进退出还是激进退出?——对创业家族企业的实证分析[J]. 经济管理, 2012,33(1):60-70
[64] DeTienne D. R., Mckelvie A., Chandler G. N. Making Sense of Entrepreneurial Exit Strategies:A Typology and Test[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2015,30(2):255-272
[65] 余绍忠. 创业绩效研究述评[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2013,35(2):34-42
[66] Aggarwal V. A., Hsu D. H. Entrepreneurial Exits and Innovation[J]. Management Science, 2014,60(4):867-887
[67] Oertel S., Walgenbach P. The Effect of Partner Exits on Survival Chances of SMEs[J]. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2012,25(3):462-482
[68] Jenkins A., Mckelvie A. What Is Entrepreneurial Failure? Implications for Future Research[J]. International Small Business Journal, 2016,34(2):176-188
[69] Justo R., DeTienne D. R., Sieger P. Failure or Voluntary Exit? Reassessing the Female Underperformance Hypothesis[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2015,30(6):775-792