高管环保认知、环境战略与高耗能企业碳绩效：基于“知行合一”效应的实证检验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 企业碳绩效的提升有赖于高管环保认知与组织环境战略的协同推动。本文基于高层梯队理论及认知心理学思想,以2010-2022年中国A股高耗能行业上市企业为样本,系统考察了高管环保认知("认知")、环境战略("行为")与高耗能企业碳绩效之间的关系,并检验了高管环保认知与环境战略互补增强效应("知行合一")的边界调节机制与经济后果。研究发现,高管环保认知和环境战略均对高耗能企业碳绩效存在正向影响,而且高管机会型环保认知与前摄型环境战略、高管责任型环保认知与反应型环境战略均具有显著的互补增强效应,能够推动高耗能企业碳绩效的提升。边界调节机制检验表明,在提升高耗能企业碳绩效的过程中,政治嵌入和监管距离能够强化高管机会型环保认知与前摄型环境战略的互补增强效应,但会弱化高管责任型环保认知与反应型环境战略的互补增强效应。经济后果检验表明,高管环保认知与组织环境战略互补增强效应引致的碳绩效提升均有助于企业强化环保声誉、获取环保补助并减少环保处罚。研究结论从"知行合一"视角拓展了企业碳绩效的研究范畴,为推进高耗能企业绿色转型提供了经验借鉴和实践启示。

关键词: 高管环保认知, 环境战略, 碳绩效, 高耗能企业, “知行合一”效应

Abstract: The improvement of enterprise carbon performance hinges on the synergistic effects of executives' environmental cognition and organizational environmental strategy. Based on the upper echelons theory and cognitive psychology, this study uses a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies in energy-intensive industries from 2010 to 2022 to systematically examine the relationships between executives' environmental cognition (cognition), environmental strategy (behavior), and enterprise carbon performance, as well as the moderating effects and economic consequences of their complementarity. The findings reveal that both executives' environmental cognition and environmental strategy significantly improve the carbon performance of energy-intensive enterprises. Moreover, executives' opportunistic environmental cognition and proactive environmental strategy, as well as executives' responsible environmental cognition and reactive environmental strategy, have significant complementary effects, which can enhance the carbon performance of energy-intensive enterprises. The moderating effects suggest that political embeddedness and regulatory distance can strengthen the complementary effect between executives' opportunistic environmental cognition and proactive environmental strategy, but weaken that between executives' responsible environmental cognition and reactive environmental strategy. The economic consequence tests show that the improved carbon performance, driven by the complementary effect of executives' environmental cognition and organizational environmental strategy, can help enterprises enhance environmental reputation, secure environmental subsidies, and mitigate environmental penalties. This study broadens the research on enterprise carbon performance by introducing the "cognition and behavior unity" perspective, offering valuable empirical insights and practical guidance for promoting the green transformation of energy-intensive enterprises.

Key words: executives' environmental cognition, environmental strategy, carbon performance, energy-intensive enterprises, "cognition and behavior unity" effect

李婉红, 刘连轩, 罗方. 高管环保认知、环境战略与高耗能企业碳绩效：基于“知行合一”效应的实证检验[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(5): 171-183.

Li Wanhong, Liu Lianxuan, Luo Fang. Executives' Environmental Cognition,Environmental Strategy and Carbon Performance of Energy-intensive Enterprises: An Empirical Test Based on the Effect of “Cognition and Behavior Unity”[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(5): 171-183.

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