美国长臂管辖下中国高新技术企业供应链安全测度及对策研究——基于华为和海康威视的双案例分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长期以来，美国限制对华高新技术出口，并通过长臂管辖制裁我国高新技术企业，使其面临的全球供应链安全问题日益严峻。本文基于社会网络和知识基础理论，采用复制逻辑的双案例分析方法研究华为和海康威视两家典型企业，探讨美国长臂管辖情境下如何确保供应链安全。研究发现：（1）焦点企业应避免单一区域供应商来源，扩大技术来源的区域广度，构建区域多元化的全球供应链网络。（2）焦点企业应以各国家和区域的贸易规则为主要考量，根据区域性动态调整供应商伙伴选择。增加强关系区域供应商数量，推进本土化布局，减少弱关系和中间状态区域供应商；保持对国内技术的首位依赖，并提升国内技术来源占比。（3）焦点企业应通过对非长臂管辖区域技术引进，自主研发可替代性技术，加强研发投入及强化人才储备来实现企业内外部知识积累。（4）焦点企业在非长臂管辖区域实施联盟战略，如建立联合创新实验室等增进供应链成员共享意识，提升供应链上知识共享程度。

关键词: 长臂管辖, 供应链安全, 网络, 关系, 知识

Abstract: For a long time, US bans on high-tech exports to China and US sanctions (through long-arm jurisdiction) on Chinese high-tech companies have, made them facing increasingly serious global supply chain security problems. Based on social network theory and knowledge-based theory, this paper adopts the double case study method of replication logic to study two typical companies: Huawei and Hikvision, and explores how to ensure supply chain security in the context of long-arm jurisdiction. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Focal companies should avoid relying on a single regional supplier source, expand the regional breadth of technology sources, and build a regional diversified global supply chain network. (2) Focal companies should take the trade rules of each country and region into consideration, and flexibly select supplier partners according to regional dynamics. They should increase the number of suppliers in strong-tie regions, promote the localization layout, and reduce the number of suppliers in weak-tie and intermediate state regions. They also should depend primarily on domestic technology and increase the proportion of domestic technology sources. (3) Focal companies should strengthen their R&D investment and enhance their talent reserve to realize the accumulation of internal and external knowledge through the introduction of technology from non-long-arm jurisdictions and independent development of alternative technologies. (4) Focal companies should implement alliance strategies in non-long-arm jurisdictions, such as establishing joint innovation lab to enhance the sharing awareness of supply chain members and the knowledge sharing degree of supply chain.

Key words: long-arm jurisdiction, supply chain security, network, relationship, knowledge

孙笑明, 马少华, 苏屹, 王雅兰. 美国长臂管辖下中国高新技术企业供应链安全测度及对策研究——基于华为和海康威视的双案例分析[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(4): 273-288.

Sun Xiaoming, Ma Shaohua, Su Yi, Wang Yalan. The Measurement and Countermeasures of Supply Chain Security of Chinese High-tech Companies under American Long Arm Jurisdiction—A Double-case Study on Huawei and Hikvision[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(4): 273-288.

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