基于时空理论的组织最优区分管理模型和策略研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 组织一方面面对着一致性压力，需要和其他组织保持相似，以获取合法性；另一方面也面临着差异化压力，力求和市场上的其他组织不同，以获得竞争优势。这两种形式的压力间存在内在张力，组织如何在一致性和差异化间取得平衡被称为组织的最优区分问题。本研究对分散在组织管理多个研究领域的最优区分研究进行了梳理和整合，并构建了基于时空理论的组织最优区分管理模型，为最优区分理论的发展和问题解决提供了一个整体、综合的分析框架。本研究通过动态、层次、维度的理论视角，分析了组织的一致性和差异化在时间和空间上的特征。研究进一步提出，通过建立时间、层次和维度参照系，综合理解多重和相对时间的影响，熟练进行策略焦点的层次转移，灵活采取维度的划分和整合，组织可以更好地实现对一致性和差异化的情境化、动态的平衡。

关键词: 最优区分, 时空理论, 组织管理, 一致性, 差异化

Abstract: On the one hand, organizations face conformity pressures that urge them to remain similar to other organizations to gain legitimacy. On the other hand, organizations also confront differentiation pressures that urge them to be different from other organizations in the market to gain a competitive advantage. There is an inherent tension between the two forms of pressure, and a balance between conformity and differentiation is called optimal distinctiveness. This study sorts out and integrates prior researches on optimal distinctiveness, which scatters in many fields of organizational management. Then, this study theoretically constructs an organizational management model for optimal distinctiveness based on time-space theory, providing a holistic and comprehensive analytical framework for the theoretical development and the problem solving of optimal distinctiveness. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of organizations’ conformity and differentiation through the theoretical perspectives of dynamics, levels, and dimensions. This study further proposes that, by establishing the reference systems of times, levels, and dimensions, comprehensively understanding the influence of multiple and relative time situations, skillfully carrying out the level transformation of strategic focus, flexibly adopting the division and integration of dimensions, organizations can better achieve a situational and dynamic balance between conformity and differentiation.

Key words: optimal distinctiveness, time-space theory, organizational management, conformity, differentiation

陈国权, 陈科宇. 基于时空理论的组织最优区分管理模型和策略研究[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(4): 192-206.

Chen Guoquan, Chen Keyu. A Study on the Organizational Management Framework and Strategy for Optimal Distinctiveness Based on Time-Space Theory[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(4): 192-206.

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