筑巢引凤：城市舒适物环境营造与科技创新人才集聚——基于fsQCA的组态分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技创新人才是提升创新策源能力和关键核心技术自有率的关键人才群体，各地区有效集聚科技创新人才对于推动我国建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地具有重要作用。本文以我国295个城市作为组态研究的案例，基于舒适物理论探究了生活舒适物、工作舒适物和自然舒适物对科技创新人才集聚的影响。研究发现：第一，科技创新人才集聚受到城市营造的生活舒适物、工作舒适物和自然舒适物的共同影响，而非单一舒适物能够主导。第二，不同的舒适物要素通过协同，产生了三条科技创新人才集聚的实现路径，分别为“科技创新主导型”“社会经济-科技创新共同驱动型”和“多要素协同驱动型”。第三，尽管单一舒适物不构成科技创新人才集聚的必要条件，但以科技创新环境为核心的工作舒适物发挥着更为普适的作用。研究结论丰富了科技创新人才集聚的前因和舒适物理论的相关研究，为城市通过营造人才舒适物环境“筑巢引凤”提供了政策启示。

关键词: 科技创新人才, 人才集聚, 舒适物理论, 组态研究

Abstract: Scientific and technological innovation talents are the key human resources for a country to become more innovative and own more core technologies. Promoting the agglomeration of scientific and technological innovation talents is essential for advancing China’s ambition to build a globally important talent center and innovation hub. Taking 295 cities in China as cases of configuration research, this paper explores the role of working, natural, and living amenities on the scientific and technological innovation talents aggregation based on the amenities theory. The findings reveal that, firstly, the scientific and technological innovation talents aggregation is influenced by a combination of working, natural, and living amenities provided by cities, rather than being dominated by a single amenity. Secondly, different amenity elements synergistically contribute to three pathways for attracting scientific and technological innovation talents, namely “dominated by scientific and technological innovation” “co-driven by social economy and scientific and technological innovation” and “synergisticly driven by multi-factors” Thirdly, although a single amenity does not constitute a necessary condition for scientific and technological innovation talents aggregation, the working amenity centered around the scientific and technological innovation plays a more universally applicable role. The conclusion enriches the antecedents of the scientific and technological innovation talents aggregation and the related research of amenities theory, and provides policy enlightenment for cities to “build nest to attract phoenix” by building urban amenities for talents.

Key words: scientific and technological innovation talents, talents aggregation, amenities theory, configuration research

贾建锋, 孙柏鹏. 筑巢引凤：城市舒适物环境营造与科技创新人才集聚——基于fsQCA的组态分析[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(8): 95-107.

Jia Jianfeng, Sun Baipeng. Nesting to Attract Phoenix: The Construction of Urban Amenities and Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents Aggregation—A Configurational Analysis Based on fsQCA[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(8): 95-107.

参考文献

[1] 赵长轶,谢洪明,郭勇,等. 大国重器研制的关键核心技术突破——东方电气集团G50重型燃气轮机纵向案例研究[J]. 管理世界, 2023,39(12):20-37 Zhao C. Y., Xie H. M., Guo Y., et al. A Breakthrough on the Core Technology for Developing “Pillars of a Great Power”: A Longitudinal Case Study on G50 Heavy-duty Gas Turbine of Dongfang Electric Corporation[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023,39(12):20-37
[2] 许瑜,郑方宜. 科技人才集聚对中国区域可持续发展的影响研究——基于空间溢出与门槛效应的实证检验[J]. 人文地理, 2024,39(5):138-148 Xu Y., Zheng F. Y. Research on the Effect of Scientific and Technological Talent Agglomeration on Regional Sustainable Development in China: Empirical Test Based on Spatial Spillover and Threshold Effect[J]. Human Geography, 2024,39(5):138-148
[3] 郭淑芬,张文礼. 科技人才区域集聚为何不同——基于创新环境空间差异的解释[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2022,39(11):152-160 Guo S. F., Zhang W. L. Why Is the Regional Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents Different: Based on the Interpretation of Spatial Differences in the Innovation Environment[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2022,39(11):152-160
[4] 张扬. 创新型城市试点政策提升了科技人才集聚水平吗——来自240个地级市的准自然实验[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2021,38(12):116-123 Zhang Y. Has the Pilot Project of Innovative Cities Increased the Level of Scientific and Technological Talents Agglomeration: A Quasi Experimental Study Based on 240 Cities in China[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2021,38(12):116-123
[5] 张所地,张婷婷,赵华平,等. 城市不动产投资结构对科技人才集聚的门限效应[J]. 科学学研究, 2020,38(8):1408-1416 Zhang S. D., Zhang T. T., Zhao H. P., et al. Threshold Effect of Urban Real Estate Investment Structure on the Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2020,38(8):1408-1416
[6] 王高峰,杨浩东. 区域居民购房能力与科技人才集聚关系研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2022,40(6):1001-1013 Wang G. F., Yang H. D. Research on the Relationship between the Purchasing Ability of Regional Residents and the Gathering of Scientific and Technological Talents—The Threshold Effect Test Based on the Coupling of Innovation Ecology[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022,40(6):1001-1013
[7] 陈劲,杨硕,吴善超. 科技创新人才能力的动态演变及国际比较研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2023,41(6):1096-1105 Chen J., Yang S., Wu S. C. Research on the Dynamic Evolution and International Comparison of the Ability of Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2023,41(6):1096-1105
[8] 朱英,郑晓齐,章琰. 中国科技创新人才的流动规律分析——基于国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才的实证研究[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2020,(3):166-173 Zhu Y., Zheng X. Q., Zhang Y. Analysis on the Flowing Rules of Creative Talents in Science and Technology in China—An Empirical Research Based on Leading Talents in Science and Technology of National Ten Thousand Talents Program[J]. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2020,(3):166-173
[9] 杜运周,贾良定. 组态视角与定性比较分析(QCA):管理学研究的一条新道路[J]. 管理世界, 2017,(6):155-167 Du Y. Z., Jia L. D. Configuration Perspective and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): A New Way of Management Research[J]. Journal of Management World, 2017,(6):155-167
[10] 叶晓倩,陈伟. 我国城市对科技创新人才的综合吸引力研究——基于舒适物理论的评价指标体系构建与实证[J]. 科学学研究, 2019,37(8):1375-1384 Ye X. Q., Chen W. Research on the City Attraction for Science and Technology Innovation Talents—Construction of Evaluation Indicator System and Empirical Analysis Based on Amenities Theory[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2019,37(8):1375-1384
[11] Tang G., Ren S., Wang M., et al. Employee Green Behaviour: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research[J]. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2023,25(2):297-317
[12] 唐贵瑶,陈琳,孙玮,等. 如何让员工“爱司所爱，行司所行”？基于社会信息处理理论的绿色人力资源管理与员工绿色行为关系研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2021,24(5):185-193 Tang G. Y., Chen L., Sun W., et al. How to Let Employees “Enjoy What Valued by the Enterprise, and Do What Executed by the Enterprise”? Research on the Relationship between Green Human Resource Management and Employees' Green Behaviors: Based on Social Information Processing Theory[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2021,24(5):185-193
[13] Ullman E. L. Amenities as a Factor in Regional Growth[J]. Geographical Review, 1954,44(1):119-132
[14] 扈爽,朱启贵. 城市舒适物、创意人才和城市创新[J]. 华东经济管理, 2021,35(11):54-60 Hu S., Zhu Q. G. Urban Amenities, Creative Talents, and Urban Innovation[J]. East China Economic Management, 2021,35(11):54-60
[15] Clark T. N. Urban Amenities: Lakes, Opera, and Juice Bars: Do They Drive Development?[C] //Clark T. N. The City as an Entertainment Machine. Research in Urban Policy, 2004,9:103-140
[16] Glaeser E. L., Gottlieb J. D. Urban Resurgence and the Consumer City[J]. Urban Studies, 2006,43(8):1275-1299
[17] 陈波,林馨雨. 中国城市文化场景的模式与特征分析——基于31个城市文化舒适物的实证研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2020,(11):71-86 Chen B., Lin X. Y. The Cultural Scene Patterns of Cities and Their Characteristics in China—Empirical Study Based on Cultural Amenities in 31 Cities[J]. China Soft Science, 2020,(11):71-86
[18] 程燕林,李晓轩,宋邱惠. 高科技人才吸引和稳定的职场舒适物策略[J]. 科学学研究, 2021,39(10):1803-1811 Cheng Y. L., Li X. X., Song Q. H. Workplace Amenities Strategy in High-Tech Talent Attraction and Stability[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2021,39(10):1803-1811
[19] 段智慧,孟雪,郝文强. 人才生态环境视角下青年友好型城市建设路径研究:基于模糊集定性比较分析[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2023,40(4):107-122 Duan Z. H., Meng X., Hao W. Q. Research on the Construction Pathways of Youth-Friendly City from the Perspective of Talent Ecological Environment: Based on Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis[J]. Human Resource Development of China， 2023,40(4):107-122
[20] 夏怡然,陆铭. 城市间的“孟母三迁”——公共服务影响劳动力流向的经验研究[J]. 管理世界, 2015,(10):78-90 Xia Y. R., Lu M. The “Mencius Mother Moves Three Times” among Cities: An Empirical Study on How Public Services Affect Labor Mobility[J]. Journal of Management World, 2015,(10):78-90
[21] 谭新雨. 科技人才创业生态环境:内涵探索与量表开发[J]. 科学学研究, 2023,41(11):2038-2049 Tan X. Y. Concept Exploration and Measurement Development of Enterprising Ecological Environment for Science and Technology Talents[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2023,41(11):2038-2049
[22] 王丹,赵新力,郭翔宇,等. 国家农业科技创新理论框架与创新能力评价——基于二十国集团的实证分析[J]. 中国软科学, 2018,(3):18-35 Wang D., Zhao X. L., Guo X. Y., et al. Theoretical Framework and Capability Evaluation for the National Agricultural Science, Technology and Innovation—An Empirical Study Based on the Group of Twenty[J]. China Soft Science, 2018,(3):18-35
[23] 徐丹,于渤. 高技术产业专业化集聚与多样化集聚如何影响区域创新能力?——基于我国省际数据的模糊集定性比较分析[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2023,35(1):118-132 Xu D., Yu B. How do Specialized and Diversified Agglomeration of High-tech Industries Affect Regional Innovation Capability?—A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Provincial Data in China[J]. R&D Management, 2023,35(1):118-132
[24] 李作学,刘慧,张蒙. 城市科技人才吸引力的影响因素及多元路径识别——基于舒适物理论的QCA组态分析[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2026,47(3):3-20 Li Z. X., Liu H., Zhang M. The Influencing Factors and Multiple Path Identification of the Attraction of Urban Science and Technology Talents: QCA Configuration Analysis Based on Amenity Theory[J]. Science of Science and Management of S.& T., 2026,47(3):3-20
[25] 张丹璇,金鑫虹,金亚虹,等. 绿色锻炼的心理效益:身体锻炼与自然环境的融合[J]. 心理科学, 2017,40(2):408-414 Zhang D. X., Jin X. H., Jin Y. H., et al. The Psychological Benefits of Green Exercise: Combination of Physical Exercise and Natural Environment[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2017,40(2):408-414
[26] Ragin C. C. Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008
[27] 王瑞峰,李爽. “一带一路”倡议对中国经济发展水平的影响——基于断点回归分析[J]. 技术经济, 2018,37(1):122-128 Wang R. F., Li S. Impact of “One Belt One Road” Initiative on China's Economic Development Level: Based on Regression-Discontinuity Analysis[J]. Journal of Technology Economics, 2018,37(1):122-128
[28] 刘传明,张春梅,任启龙,等. 基本公共服务与经济发展互动耦合机制及时空特征——以江苏省13城市为例[J]. 经济地理, 2019,39(4):26-33 Liu C. M., Zhang C. M., Ren Q. L., et al. Coupling Mechanism and Spatiotemporal Evolution between the Basic Public Services and the Economic Development: The Case of 13 Cities in Jiangsu Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2019,39(4):26-33
[29] 李宗泽,李志斌. 企业ESG信息披露同群效应研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2023,26(5):126-136 Li Z. Z., Li Z. B. Research on Peer Effect of Enterprise ESG Information Disclosure[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2023,26(5):126-136
[30] 关信平. 当前我国社会政策的目标及总体福利水平分析[J]. 中国社会科学, 2017,(6):91-101 Guan X. P. Objectives of China's Current Social Policy and an Analysis of the Overall Welfare Level[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2017,(6):91-101
[31] 郭冬梅,陈斌开,吴楠. 城乡融合的收入和福利效应研究——基于要素配置的视角[J]. 管理世界, 2023,39(11):22-37 Guo D. M., Chen B. K., Wu N. Research on the Income and Welfare Effects of Urban-Rural Integration: Based on the Perspective of Factor Allocation[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023,39(11):22-37
[32] 马宝林,王一寒,张煜,等. 国家财政、产业创新与区域协调发展研究——来自有调节的多重中介效应模型的证据[J]. 宏观经济研究, 2021,(9):99-110 Ma B. L., Wang Y. H., Zhang Y., et al. A Study of Public Finance, Industrial Innovation and Coordinated Regional Development: An Evidence from a Moderated Multiple Mediating Effects Model[J]. Macroeconomics, 2021,(9):99-110
[33] 龚惠文,季青原,金平斌. 基于空间计量模型的中国东中部地区FDI时空演变格局研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2015,42(5):595-604 Gong H. W., Ji Q. Y., Jin P. B. Changes of FDI Spatial-Temporal Patterns in the Eastern and Central Regions of China Based on the Spatial Econometric Models[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2015,42(5):595-604
[34] 张近乐,章柯. 军民融合科技创新系统协同度研究——基于秦巴山脉区域省市航空航天制造业的实证分析[J]. 财经理论与实践, 2020,41(2):115-120 Zhang J. L., Zhang K. Research on the Synergy of Military-Civilian Merging Technology Innovation System—Empirical Analysis Based on the Aerospace Manufacturing Industry in Qinba Mountains[J]. The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics, 2020,41(2):115-120
[35] 赵芮,曹廷贵. 数字金融发展有助于企业去杠杆吗[J]. 现代经济探讨, 2022,(1):71-82 Zhao R., Cao T. G. Will the Development of Digital Finance Help Companies Deleverage?[J]. Modern Economic Research, 2022,(1):71-82
[36] 扈爽,朱启贵. 我国城市舒适物区域差异及动态演进研究[J]. 城市问题, 2022,(4):24-34 Hu S., Zhu Q. G. Research on Regional Disparity and Dynamic Evolution of Urban Amenities in China[J]. Urban Problems, 2022,(4):24-34
[37] 牛冲槐,接民,张敏,等. 人才聚集效应及其评判[J]. 中国软科学, 2006,(4):118-123 Niu C. H., Jie M., Zhang M., et al. The Effect of Talent Accumulation and Its Assessment[J]. China Soft Science, 2006,(4):118-123
[38] 孙林杰,孙万君,高紫琪. 我国海洋科技人才集聚度测算及影响因素研究[J]. 科研管理, 2022,43(10):192-199 Sun L. J., Sun W. J., Gao Z. Q. Research on the Measurement and Influencing Factors of the Agglomeration Degree of Marine Science and Technology Talents in China[J]. Science Research Management, 2022,43(10):192-199
[39] 李志军. 中国城市营商环境评价[M]. 北京: 中国发展出版社, 2021 Li Z. J. China Urban Business Environment Evaluation[M]. Beijing: China Development Press, 2021
[40] 谢乐,杨波,杨美芳,等. 企业危机事件网络舆情负性偏向驱动机制研究——基于40个案例的两阶段fsQCA分析[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(7):339-352 Xie L., Yang B., Yang M. F., et al. The Driving Mechanism of Negativity Bias in Network Public Opinion of Enterprise Crisis Events: A Two-stage fsQCA Analysis Based on 40 Cases[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(7):339-352
[41] 刘航,邓国胜,李彦岩. 政策资源获取、垂直整合能力与小企业农村嵌入组织绩效——基于TOE理论的组态效应分析[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(10):237-250 Liu H., Deng G. S., Li Y. Y. Policy Resource Access, Vertical Integration Capability and Organizational Performance of Small Firms Embedded in Rural Area—An Analysis of the Configuration Paths Based on fsQCA[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(10):237-250
[42] 杜运周,刘秋辰,程建青. 什么样的营商环境生态产生城市高创业活跃度?——基于制度组态的分析[J]. 管理世界, 2020,36(9):141-154 Du Y. Z., Liu Q. C., Cheng J. Q. What Kind of Ecosystem for Doing Business will Contribute to City-level High Entrepreneurial Activity? A Research Based on Institutional Configurations[J]. Journal of Management World, 2020,36(9):141-154
[43] 贾建锋,刘伟鹏,杜运周,等. 制度组态视角下绿色技术创新效率提升的多元路径[J]. 南开管理评论, 2024,27(2):51-59 Jia J. F., Liu W. P., Du Y. Z., et al. Multiple Paths for Improving Green Technology Innovation Efficiency from the Perspective of Institutional Configuration[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2024,27(2):51-59
[44] 彭川宇,刘月. 城市科技创新人才政策扩散动力因素时空差异研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2022,39(24):81-90 Peng C. Y., Liu Y. The Motivation Factors of the Urban Sci-tech Innovative Talents Policy Diffusion and Differences in Temporal and Spatial Dimensions[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2022,39(24):81-90
[45] 刘颖,王野,曹琦. 科技人才集聚演化与区域协同治理——基于京津冀城市群的计量分析[J]. 中国行政管理, 2024,40(7):50-60 Liu Y., Wang Y., Cao Q. The Relationship between Evolution of Scientific and Technological Talent Agglomeration and Regional Collaborative Governance—Based on Econometric Analysis on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration[J]. Chinese Public Administration, 2024,40(7):50-60
[46] 崔祥民,柴晨星. 创新人才集聚对经济高质量发展的影响效应研究——基于长三角41个城市面板数据的实证分析[J]. 软科学, 2022,36(6):106-114 Cui X. M., Chai C. X. Research on the Effect of Innovative Talent Agglomeration on the Development of High Quality Economy—Empirical Analysis Based on 41 Urban Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta[J]. Soft Science, 2022,36(6):106-114