悖论整合视角下开放式创新策略、价值独占机制与创新绩效

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于合同性与非合同性（约束性强弱）差异，开放式创新包含创新合作与外部搜索两种策略，但鲜有研究探讨该视角下开放式创新策略与价值独占机制的匹配性对创新绩效的影响机制。通过对764家制造企业的实证研究，分析了创新合作与外部搜索两种开放式创新策略对创新绩效的影响，以及专利制度与保密制度两种价值独占机制对其关系的调节作用。研究发现，创新合作与外部搜索对创新绩效存在显著的正向影响。当采取专利制度保护创新时，有助于企业通过创新合作更显著地改善创新绩效，而不利于企业通过外部搜索提升创新绩效；相反，当采取保密制度保护创新时，不利于企业通过创新合作改善创新绩效，但有助于企业通过外部搜索取得更高创新绩效。研究结论为进一步理解开放式创新机理提供了新的切入点，强调了开放式创新策略与价值独占机制的匹配性，为开放式创新企业解决创新过程开放与创新成果保护间的悖论问题提供了理论基础。

关键词: 创新合作, 外部搜索, 专利制度, 保密制度, 创新绩效

Abstract: Based on contractual/non-contractual (tight/loose constrains) view, open innovation can be divided into innovation collaboration and external search. However, little is known about how these two open innovation strategies match different value appropriation mechanisms to impact innovation performance. This empirical study examines a survey of 764 manufacturing firms to explore how innovation collaboration and external search affect innovation performance, and the moderating role of patenting and secrecy. The findings show that both innovation collaboration and external search can enhance innovation performance. When firms use patenting to protect innovations, innovation collaboration significantly improves innovation performance, whereas external search is detrimental to innovation performance. On the contrary, when firms use secrecy to protect innovations, innovation collaboration is not conducive to improving innovation performance, while external search can achieve higher innovation performance. This research provides a new lens for understanding open innovation strategies, and underlines the match between open innovation strategies and value appropriation mechanisms. This paper provides important practical implications on integrating the paradox of openness of innovation process and protection of innovation output for firms involved in open innovation strategies.

Key words: innovation collaboration, external search, patenting, secrecy, innovation performance

张慧颖, 陈玺光, 李振东. 悖论整合视角下开放式创新策略、价值独占机制与创新绩效[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(7): 94-105.

Zhang Huiying, Chen Xiguang, Li Zhendong. Open Innovation Strategies, Value Appropriation Mechanisms and Innovation Performance: Integrating the Paradox of Openness and Protection[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(7): 94-105.

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