为爱好而贡献?解开为数字技术开源社区贡献的“黄金配方”

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开源通过构建可信的开放协作模式来激发技术创新，而开源商业化也导致个人以这种社区协作机制进行创意碰撞的动机逐渐发生变化。因此，本研究从自决理论和社会实践观角度构建“胡萝卜-彩虹”的驱动因素理论框架，将因素划分为短期的、经济的回报（胡萝卜），长期的、有价值的追求（彩虹），并基于GitHub开源调查数据，综合运用多元回归分析和模糊集定性比较分析两种方法，探讨个人未来为数字技术开源社区贡献的前因之间的关联及内在复杂性。研究结果表明：未来贡献可能分别与财务报酬、职业发展、知识产权协议、外部效能、用户价值和社区支持之间存在显著的正相关关系。当胡萝卜和彩虹维度共同作用时，并未发现外在因素排挤内在因素的证据，反而外部效能增强了彩虹维度，并发挥着重要的驱动作用。胡萝卜和彩虹维度的驱动因素可形成三种组态来产生高未来贡献可能，即“彩虹-职业”型、“彩虹-知识产权”型和“胡萝卜”型。由此产生的理论和实践方面的贡献为未来研究、相关贡献者及管理者提供重要的指导借鉴。

关键词: 数字技术开源社区, 动机, 自决理论, 多元回归分析, fsQCA

Abstract: Open source stimulates technological innovation by fostering a trustworthy open collaboration model, and the commercialization of open source has led to a shift in individuals’ motivations to engage in creative collisions within this community-driven mechanism. Consequently, this study constructs a theoretical framework for driving factors termed the “Carrot-Rainbow” from the perspectives of self-determination theory and social practice view. These factors are categorized into short-term economic rewards (Carrot) and long-term, valuable pursuits (Rainbow). Utilizing GitHub’s open source survey data, a comprehensive approach employing both multiple regression analysis and fsQCA is applied to explore the interrelations and inherent complexities among the antecedents of individuals’ future contributions to digital technology open source communities. The findings suggest that future contribution likelihood may be significantly and positively related to financial rewards, career advancement, intellectual property agreements, external efficacy, user value, and community support, respectively. When the carrot and rainbow dimensions of factors are combined, no evidence of extrinsic factors crowding out intrinsic factors is found, but rather external efficacy enhances the rainbow dimension and plays the most important driving role. The driving factors of carrot and rainbow dimensions can form three configurations leading to a high future contribution likelihood, that is “rainbow-occupational”, “rainbow-IP”, and “carrot” types. The theoretical and practical contributions derived from this study provide essential guidance for future research, relevant contributors, and managers.

Key words: digital technology open source community, motivation, self-determination theory, multiple regression analysis, fsQCA

汪万, 蔡三发. 为爱好而贡献?解开为数字技术开源社区贡献的“黄金配方”[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(3): 78-88.

Wang Wan, Cai Sanfa. For Hobby to Contribute? Disentangling the “Golden Recipe” for Contributing to the Digital Technology Open Source Community[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(3): 78-88.

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