公众举报情感对环境污染的影响效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着互联网的快速发展和公众环保意识的提高，越来越多的公众通过网络举报的方式来表达对环境的情感诉求，成为参与环境治理的重要力量。为探究公众举报情感对环境污染的影响效应，本文爬取了我国2013—2020年30个省区市公众对大气污染、水污染和固废污染的举报文本，通过情感分析提取公众环境举报情感，并利用双对数模型实证检验了公众举报情感对不同类型环境污染的影响效应。研究结果表明：（1）公众举报情感对大气污染具有直接抑制作用，而对水污染和固废污染的抑制作用不显著；（2）公众举报情感能通过激励政府加大工业污染治理投资力度，进而达到抑制大气污染的目的；（3）公众举报情感对大气污染减排的影响呈现区域和公众特征的异质性，其中经济发达、教育水平高地区的影响效应更为显著。

关键词: 公众举报情感, 环境污染, 政府投资, 区域差异, 公众特征

Abstract: With the development of the Internet and public awareness of environmental protection, an increasing number of people begin to express their sentiments about environmental pollution through online complaint platforms, and they have become an important force in pollution control. To explore the effect of public compliant sentiment on environmental pollution, this study uses the individual data for public complaints on air pollution, water pollution and solid pollution in 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, to measure the public complaint sentiment and conduct a quantitative analysis using an econometric model. The empirical results show that: (1) Public compliant sentiment has a significant negative effect on air pollution, but has no significant effect on water and solid pollution. (2) Public complaint sentiment also indirectly impacts air pollution mitigation by influencing the government’s pollution control investment. (3) The effect of public compliant sentiment on environmental pollution shows the heterogeneity across regions and public characteristics, with more significant effect being in regions with developed economies and high education levels.

Key words: public compliant sentiment, environmental pollution, government investment, regional heterogeneity, public characteristics

李洁仪, 汤铃, 张晓萌, 李玲, 吴军. 公众举报情感对环境污染的影响效应[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(9): 252-260.

Li Jieyi, Tang Ling, Zhang Xiaomeng, Li Ling, Wu Jun. The Impact of Public Complaint Sentiment on Environmental Pollution[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(9): 252-260.

参考文献

[1] 涂正革,王昆,谌仁俊. 经济增长与污染减排:一个统筹分析框架[J]. 经济研究, 2022,57(8):154-171 Tu Z. G., Wang K., Shen R. J. Economic Growth and Pollution Reduction: An Integrated Analytical Framework[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2022,57(8):154-171
[2] 生态环境部. 2021中国生态环境状况公报[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/zghjzkgb/202205/P020220608338202870777.pdf, 2022-05-27 Ministry of Ecology and Environment. 2021 Report on the State of the Ecology and Environment in China[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/zghjzkgb/202205/P020220608338202870777.pdf, 2022-05-27
[3] Tang L., Guo J., Li L., et al. Contamination Characteristics, Coexistence Relationships and Health Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Metals in Topsoil around Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Hainan, China[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022,10:898934
[4] 冯志华. 环境保护、地方官员晋升与企业融资[J]. 管理评论, 2021,33(8):41-52 Feng Z. H. Environmental Protection, Promotion of Local Officials and Enterprise Financing[J]. Management Review, 2021,33(8):41-52
[5] Chen Y., Ebenstein A., Greenstone M., et al. Evidence on the Impact of Sustained Exposure to Air Pollution on Life Expectancy from China’s Huai River Policy[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013,110(32):12936-12941
[6] Li Z. T., Folmer H., Xue J. H. To What Extent does Air Pollution Affect Happiness? The Case of the Jinchuan Mining Area, China[J]. Ecological Economics, 2014,99:88-99
[7] 杨思涵,佟孟华,张晓艳. 环境污染、公众健康需求与经济发展——基于调节效应和门槛效应的分析[J]. 浙江社会科学, 2020,(12):4-15 Yang S. H., Tong M. H., Zhang X. Y. Environmental Pollution, Public Health Demand and Economic Development—Based on Regulation Effect and Threshold Effect[J]. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2020,(12):4-15
[8] 余亮. 中国公众参与对环境治理的影响——基于不同类型环境污染的视角[J]. 技术经济, 2019,38(3):97-104 Yu L. Impact of Public Participation on Environmental Governance in China: Perspective Based on Different Types of Environmental Pollution[J]. Journal of Technology Economics, 2019,38(3):97-104
[9] 涂正革,邓辉,甘天琦. 公众参与中国环境治理的逻辑:理论、实践和模式[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2018,57(3):49-61 Tu Z. G., Deng H., Gan T. Q. The Logic of Public Participation in Environmental Governance in China: Theory, Practice and Pattern[J]. Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2018,57(3):49-61
[10] 郭进,徐盈之. 公众参与环境治理的逻辑、路径与效应[J]. 资源科学, 2020,42(7):1372-1383 Guo J., Xu Y. Z. The Logics, Paths, and Effects of Public Participation in Environmental Management[J]. Resources Science, 2020,42(7):1372-1383
[11] 陆安颉. 公众参与对环境治理效果的影响——基于阶梯理论的实证研究[J]. 中国环境管理, 2021,13(4):119-127 Lu A. J. The Impact of Public Participation on Environmental Governance—Empirical Research Based on Ladder Theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2021,13(4):119-127
[12] 曾婧婧,胡锦绣. 中国公众环境参与的影响因子研究——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2015,25(12):62-69 Zeng J. J., Hu J. X. Factors Contributing to Environmental Public Participation in China: An Empirical Analysis of Provincial Panel Date (2003-2012)[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2015,25(12):62-69
[13] 郑思齐,万广华,孙伟增,等. 公众诉求与城市环境治理[J]. 管理世界, 2013,(6):72-84 Zheng S. Q., Wan G. H., Sun W. Z., et al. Public Pressure and Cities’ Environmental Management[J]. Journal of Management World, 2013,(6):72-84
[14] Li X., Hu Z. G., Cao J. H., et al. The Impact of Environmental Accountability on Air Pollution: A Public Attention Perspective[J]. Energy Policy, 2022,161:112733
[15] Wu W. Q., Wang W. W., Zhang M. Does Internet Public Participation Slow down Environmental Pollution?[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2022,137:22-31
[16] 屈文波,李淑玲. 中国环境污染治理中的公众参与问题——基于动态空间面板模型的实证研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,22(6):1-10 Qu W. B., Li S. L. Public Participation in Pollution Control in China—Empirical Research based on Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Model[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2020,22(6):1-10
[17] 张国兴,雷慧敏,马嘉慧,等. 公众参与对污染物排放的影响效应[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021,31(6):29-38 Zhang G. X., Lei H. M., Ma J. H., et al. Effect of Public Participation on Pollutant Emissions[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2021,31(6):29-38
[18] 李欣,顾振华,徐雨婧. 公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响——来自百度环境搜索的微观证据[J]. 财经研究, 2022,48(1):34-48 Li X., Gu Z. H., Xu Y. J. The Impact of Public Environmental Appeals on Enterprise Pollution Emissions: Micro Evidence from Baidu Environmental Search[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2022,48(1):34-48
[19] 李玲,张晓萌,李洁仪,等. 公众环保举报对大气污染治理的影响机制研究——基于中介效应模型[J]. 计量经济学报, 2022,2(3):703-714 Li L., Zhang X. M., Li J. Y., et al. The Influencing Mechanism of Public Environmental Complaint on Air Pollution Control: Based on the Mediating Effect Model[J]. China Journal of Econometrics, 2022,2(3):703-714
[20] Sun Y., Ji M., Jin F. X., et al. Public Responses to Air Pollution in Shandong Province Using the Online Complaint Data[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, 2021,10(3):126
[21] 张橦. 新媒体视域下公众参与环境治理的效果研究——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J]. 中国行政管理, 2018,(9):79-85 Zhang T. The Effect of Public Participation on Environmental Governance in the Perspective of New Media—An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Provincial Pollutants in China[J]. Chinese Public Administration, 2018,(9):79-85
[22] 徐晓日,李天恩. 新媒体对中国公众参与的影响研究[J]. 电子政务, 2014,(8):19-26 Xu X. R., Li T. E. Research on the Influence of New Media on Chinese Public Participation[J]. E-Government, 2014,(8):19-26
[23] 李兵华,朱德米. 环境保护公共参与的影响因素研究——基于环保举报热线相关数据的分析[J]. 上海大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,37(1):118-128 Li B. H., Zhu D. M. Influencing Factors of Public Participation in Environmental Protection: A Case Study of Environmental Tip-off Hotlines[J]. Journal of Shanghai University (Social Sciences Edition), 2020,37(1):118-128
[24] Kathuria V. Informal Regulation of Pollution in a Developing Country: Evidence from India[J]. Ecological Economics, 2007,63(2):403-417
[25] Li C. D., Ma X. W., Fu T. B., et al. Does Public Concern over Haze Pollution Matter? Evidence from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,755:142397
[26] 史丹,陈素梅. 公众关注度与政府治理污染投入:基于大数据的分析方法[J]. 当代财经, 2019,(3):3-13 Shi D., Chen S. M. Web Users’ Attention and Government Investments in Pollution Control: An Analysis Based on Big Data[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2019,(3):3-13
[27] Shen M. H., Yang Y. L. The Water Pollution Policy Regime Shift and Boundary Pollution: Evidence from the Change of Water Pollution Levels in China[J]. Sustainability, 2017,9(8):1469
[28] Chen J. L. Study on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of General Industrial Solid Waste Management in Beijing[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020,1549:022006
[29] 罗开艳,田启波. 政府环境信息公开与居民环境治理参与意愿[J]. 现代经济探讨, 2020,(7):33-43 Luo K. Y., Tian Q. B. Environmental Information Disclosure from Government and Residents Willingness to Participate Environment Governance[J]. Modern Economic Research, 2020,(7):33-43
[30] Zheng S. Q., Wang J. H., Sun C., et al. Air Pollution Lowers Chinese Urbanites’ Expressed Happiness on Social Media[J]. Nature Human Behaviour, 2019,3(3):237-243
[31] Kuznets S. Economic Growth and Income Inequality[J]. The American Economic Review, 1955,45(1):1-28
[32] 傅京燕. 产业特征、环境规制与大气污染排放的实证研究——以广东省制造业为例[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2009,19(2):73-77 Fu J. Y. An Empirical Analysis on Industrial Characteristics, Environmental Regulation and Air Pollution: Guangdong’s Manufacturing Industry[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2009,19(2):73-77
[33] 张昊,林勇. 信息通信技术对产业结构优化的影响分析[J]. 管理评论, 2021,33(12):163-175 Zhang H., Lin Y. Impact of ICT Capital on Industrial Structure Optimization[J]. Management Review, 2021,33(12):163-175
[34] 申伟宁,柴泽阳,张韩模. 异质性生态环境注意力与环境治理绩效——基于京津冀《政府工作报告》视角[J]. 软科学, 2020,34(9):65-71 Shen W. N., Chai Z. Y., Zhang H. M. Heterogeneous Ecological Environmental Attention and Environmental Governance Performance—Based on the “Government Work Report” in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Soft Science, 2020,34(9):65-71
[35] Zhang G. X., Deng N. N., Mou H. Z., et al. The Impact of the Policy and Behavior of Public Participation on Environmental Governance Performance: Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data in China[J]. Energy Policy, 2019,129:1347-1354
[36] 沈钊,屈小娥. 公众参与对中国雾霾污染的影响研究[J]. 统计与信息论坛, 2022,37(7):119-128 Shen Z., Qu X. E. Research on the Influence of Public Participation on Haze Pollution in China[J]. Journal of Statistics and Information, 2022,37(7):119-128
[37] 崔鑫生,韩萌,方志. 动态演进的倒“U”型环境库兹涅茨曲线[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2019,29(9):74-82 Cui X. S., Han M., Fang Z. Inverted ‘U’-shape of EKC with Dynamic Evolution Trend[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2019,29(9):74-82
[38] 史亚东,阮世珂. 公众环境诉求影响因素及其作用机制——基于北京市网络问政平台数据[J]. 调研世界, 2019,(5):1-7 Shi Y. D., Ruan S. K. The Influencing Factors of Public Environmental Demand and Its Mechanism—Based on the Data of Beijing Politic-in-network Platform[J]. The World of Survey and Research, 2019,(5):1-7
[39] 王晗,刘慧侠,董建卫. 文化视角下跨境VC对国有联合投资伙伴的选择研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(7):17-32 Wang H., Liu H. X., Dong J. W. Research on the Selection of State-owned Syndication Partner by Cross-border VC from the Perspective of Culture[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(7):17-32
[40] Heckman J. J. Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error[J]. Econometrica, 1979,47(1):153-161
[41] 徐戈,李宜威. 空气质量对公众感知风险与应对意愿的影响研究[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2020,40(1):93-102 Xu G., Li Y. W. Impact of Air Quality on Public Perception of Risk and Coping Intension[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2020,40(1):93-102
[42] 李力,唐登莉,孔英,等. FDI对城市雾霾污染影响的空间计量研究——以珠三角地区为例[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(6):11-24 Li L., Tang D. L., Kong Y., et al. A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Impact of FDI on Urban Haze Pollution Case of the Pearl River Delta Region[J]. Management Review, 2016,28(6):11-24
[43] 贾书伟. 机动车污染物减排管控策略的双重红利效应研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(6):53-61 Jia S. W. Double Dividend Effect of Vehicle Pollutant Reduction Control Strategy[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(6):53-61
[44] 徐娟,马佳骏,邵帅,等. “河长制”能实现地方政府跨域间的协同治理吗——基于“碎片化治理”的视角[J]. 南方经济, 2022,(4):50-74 Xu J., Ma J. J., Shao S., et al. Can “River Chief System” Realize the Collaborative Governance among Local Governments? From the Perspective of “Fragmented Governance”[J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2022,(4):50-74