数据要素赋能企业创新：基于内外部资源视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 充分发挥数据要素作用，赋能企业创新发展，是我国经济高质量发展的重要渠道。本文基于2007—2022年A股上市公司数据，分别从数据要素存量、数据开发能力、数据驱动商业应用、数据价值变现四个维度衡量数据要素，探究数据要素对企业创新的影响。研究发现，数据要素有利于提高企业创新水平。从内部资源视角看，数据要素显著降低了信息不对称程度，进而促进了企业创新，拥有信息技术背景的董事能够更好地利用数据要素来降低企业的信息不对称水平，从而更好地促进企业创新。从外部资源视角看，数据要素通过降低企业供应链集中度，获取更加多元化的外部资源，进而提升创新水平。进一步研究发现，数据要素对处于成长期、衰退期的企业，非重污染行业的企业以及数字经济发展较好城市企业的创新促进效果更加明显。本文研究为企业利用数据要素赋能自主创新，进而推动实体经济高质量发展提供了思路和证据。

关键词: 数据要素, 企业创新, 信息不对称, 供应链集中度, 人力资本

Abstract: Giving full play to the role of data elements to empower enterprise innovation and development is an important channel for the high-quality development of China’s economy. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022, this paper measures data elements from four dimensions, namely, data element stock, data development capability, data-driven business application, and data value realization, respectively, to explore the impact of data elements on enterprise innovation. It is found that data elements are conducive to improving corporate innovation. From the perspective of internal resources, data elements significantly reduce the level of information asymmetry, which in turn promotes enterprise innovation, and executives with information technology backgrounds are better able to utilize data elements to reduce the level of information asymmetry in enterprises, which in turn better promotes enterprise innovation. From the perspective of external resources, data elements enhance innovation by reducing the concentration of the enterprise supply chain and obtaining more diversified external resources. Further research finds that data elements are more effective in promoting innovation for firms in growth and decline periods, firms in non-polluting industries, and firms in cities with better digital economy development. The research provides evidence on how enterprises can realise independent innovation and how data elements can empower the real economy to develop at a high quality.

Key words: data element, enterprise innovation, information asymmetry, supply chain concentration, human capital

陈丽莉, 张若琪, 戎珂. 数据要素赋能企业创新：基于内外部资源视角[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(12): 15-25.

Chen Lili, Zhang Ruoqi, Rong Ke. Data Elements Empower Enterprise Innovation: From the Perspective of Internal and External Resources[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(12): 15-25.

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