精准扶贫政策对脱贫农户家庭消费的影响研究——来自湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区调研数据的例证

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区调研数据，本文考察精准扶贫政策对脱贫农户家庭消费的影响。研究发现：（1）精准扶贫政策对湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区脱贫农户家庭消费具有促进作用。就消费结构而言，精准扶贫政策使脱贫农户家庭居住和交通通信支出占总消费的比例提高，而教育和医疗支出占比降低。就消费类型而言，精准扶贫政策对生存型消费和发展型消费均有提高作用，生存型消费作用突出。就扶贫政策而言，产业就业扶贫政策作用最大，而保险扶贫政策作用最小。通过分位数回归、安慰剂检验等方法检验，上述结论仍成立。（2）异质性结果表明，精准扶贫政策对不同地区、民族和收入的脱贫农户家庭消费有明显差别，其中对湖南省、少数民族和低收入脱贫农户的刺激作用最大。（3）进一步研究发现，对于因病致贫、因教致贫和脱贫边缘户这三类特殊家庭，他们通过健康扶贫、教育扶贫、产业就业扶贫等多元化的精准扶贫政策综合发力，家庭消费水平得以改善，家庭生活质量得到提升。本文旨在为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接、促进少数民族农村地区可持续发展提供理论依据和实践支撑。

关键词: 精准扶贫政策, 脱贫农户, 家庭消费, 政策效果

Abstract: Based on the data of neighboring ethnic regions, including Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou, this study investigates how targeted poverty alleviation policies affect the household consumption of poverty-stricken farmers. The result shows that:(1) The targeted poverty alleviation policy promotes the household consumption of poverty-stricken farmers who reside in the adjacent ethnic areas of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou. On the structure of consumption, the targeted poverty alleviation policies have increased the proportion of poverty-stricken households' expenditure in housing, transportation and communication, and decreased the proportion of their education and medical care expenditure. On types of consumption, compared with development consumption, the promotion of subsistence consumption is more obvious. For poverty alleviation policies, industrial employment poverty alleviation policies work the most important role, while insurance poverty alleviation works little. The above conclusions are still valid through quantile regression, placebo tests, and other methods. (2) The heterogeneity results show that the targeted poverty alleviation policies have different effects on poverty-stricken farmers of different regions, ethnicities, and incomes. (3) Further research shows that families impoverished due to illness, education and marginalization have benefited from a diverse range of poverty alleviation policies oriented to health, education and industrial employment, as evidenced by the improvement of their consumption level and life quality. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for consolidating and expanding the compelling connection between poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization and promoting the sustainable development of ethnic minority rural areas.

Key words: targeted poverty alleviation policies, poverty-stricken farmers, household consumption, policy effect

蒙媛, 陆远权, 陈莉. 精准扶贫政策对脱贫农户家庭消费的影响研究——来自湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区调研数据的例证[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(1): 236-250.

Meng Yuan, Lu Yuanquan, Chen Li. The Effect of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies on Household Consumption of Poverty-stricken Farmers—Evidence from Survey Data in the Neighboring Ethnic Regions of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(1): 236-250.

参考文献

[1] 中国新闻网. 中国建档立卡贫困人口人均纯收入已达10740元远超国际极端贫困标准[EB/OL]. https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2021/04-06/9448786.shtml, 2021-04-06 China News. Per Capita Net Income of China's Documented Poor has Reached 10,740 Yuan, Far Exceeding International Extreme Poverty Standards[EB/OL]. https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2021/04-06/9448786.shtml, 2021-04-06
[2] 国家统计局住房调查办公室. 2020中国农村贫困监测报告[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2020 National Bureau of Statistics Housing Survey Office. 2020 China Rural Poverty Monitoring Report[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2020
[3] 王胜,屈阳,王琳,等. 集中连片贫困山区电商扶贫的探索及启示——以重庆秦巴山区、武陵山区国家级贫困区县为例[J]. 管理世界, 2021,37(2):95-106 Wang S., Qu Y., Wang L., et al. Exploration and Inspiration of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation in Concentrated and Contiguous Impoverished Mountainous Areas-taking the Example of National Impoverished Districts and Counties in Qinba Mountain and Wuling Mountain Areas of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021,37(2):95-106
[4] Mellor J. W., Malik S. J. The Impact of Growth in Small Commercial Farm Productivity on Rural Poverty Reduction[J]. World Development, 2017,(91):1-10
[5] 胡晗,司亚飞,王立剑. 产业扶贫政策对贫困户生计策略和收入的影响——来自陕西省的经验证据[J]. 中国农村经济, 2018,(1):78-89 Hu H., Si Y. F., Wang L. J. Impacts of Industrial Poverty Alleviation Policies on Livelihood Strategies and Incomes of Poor Households-Empirical Evidence from Shaanxi Province[J]. China Rural Economy, 2018,(1):78-89
[6] 黄薇. 医保政策精准扶贫效果研究——基于URBMI试点评估入户调查数据[J]. 经济研究, 2017,52(9):117-132 Huang W. Research on the Effect of Accurate Poverty Alleviation of Health Insurance Policy-Based on Household Survey Data of URBMI Pilot Assessment[J]. Economic Research, 2017,52(9):117-132
[7] 李玉山,陆远权. 产业扶贫政策能降低脱贫农户生计脆弱性吗?——政策效应评估与作用机制分析[J]. 财政研究, 2020,(5):63-77 Li Y. S., Lu Y. Q. Can Industrial Poverty Reduction Policy Reduce the Vulnerability of Livelihoods of Poverty Eradicating Farm Households?—Analysis of Policy Effect Assessment and Role Mechanism[J]. Financial Research, 2020,(5):63-77
[8] 李芳华,张阳阳,郑新业. 精准扶贫政策效果评估——基于贫困人口微观追踪数据[J]. 经济研究, 2020,55(8):171-187 Li F. H., Zhang Y. Y., Zheng X. Y. Evaluation of the Effect of Precise Poverty Alleviation Policy-Based on Micro-tracking Data of Poor People[J]. Economic Research, 2020,55(8):171-187
[9] 尹志超,郭沛瑶. 精准扶贫政策效果评估——家庭消费视角下的实证研究[J]. 管理世界, 2021,37(4):64-83 Yin Z. C., Guo P. Y. Evaluation of the Effect of Precise Poverty Alleviation Policy-An Empirical Study under the Perspective of Household Consumption[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021,37(4):64-83
[10] 王立勇,许明. 中国精准扶贫政策的减贫效应研究:来自准自然实验的经验证据[J]. 统计研究, 2019,36(12):15-26 Wang L. Y., Xu M. A Study of the Poverty Reduction Effect of China's Precision Poverty Alleviation Policy:Empirical Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment[J]. Statistical Research, 2019,36(12):15-26
[11] 张伟宾,汪三贵. 扶贫政策、收入分配与中国农村减贫[J]. 农业经济问题, 2013,34(2):66-75 Zhang W. B., Wang S. G. Poverty Alleviation Policies, Income Distribution and Rural Poverty Reduction in China[J]. Agricultural Economic Issues, 2013,34(2):66-75
[12] 朱梦冰,李实. 精准扶贫重在精准识别贫困人口——农村低保政策的瞄准效果分析[J]. 中国社会科学, 2017,(9):90-112 Zhu M. B., Li S. Precise Poverty Alleviation Focuses on Accurate Identification of the Poor Population-Analysis of the Targeting Effect of Rural Low Income Policy[J]. China Social Science, 2017,(9):90-112
[13] 王振振,王立剑. 精准扶贫可以提升农村贫困户可持续生计吗?——基于陕西省70个县(区)的调查[J]. 农业经济问题, 2019,(4):71-87 Wang Z. Z., Wang L. J. Can Precision Poverty Reduction Enhance Sustainable Livelihoods of Rural Poor Households?—Based on a Survey of 70 Counties (Districts) in Shaanxi Province[J]. Agricultural Economic Issues, 2019,(4):71-87
[14] Sassi F., Belloni A., Mirelman A. J., et al. Equity Impacts of Price Policies to Promote Healthy Behaviors[J]. Lancet, 2018,391(1):2059-2070
[15] 李傲,杨志勇,赵元凤. 精准扶贫视角下医疗保险对农牧户家庭消费的影响研究——基于内蒙古自治区730份农牧户的问卷调查数据[J]. 中国农村经济, 2020,(2):118-133 Li A., Yang Z. Y., Zhao Y. F. Research on the Impact of Medical Insurance on the Household Consumption of Farmers and Herdsmen under the Perspective of Precise Poverty Alleviation-Based on the Questionnaire Survey Data of 730 Farmers and Herdsmen in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[J]. China Rural Economy, 2020,(2):118-133
[16] 王貂,徐舒,杨汝岱. 消费保险视角下农村扶贫政策的福利效应分析[J]. 中国工业经济, 2021,(2):61-79 Wang D., Xu S., Yang R. D. Welfare Effect Analysis of Rural Poverty Alleviation Policy under the Perspective of Consumption Insurance[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2021,(2):61-79
[17] Crepon B., Devoto F., Duflo E., et al. Estimating the Impact of Microcredit on Those Who Take It up:Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Morocco[J]. Association Science Electronic Publishing, 2015,7(1):123-150
[18] 刘双,祁春节,赵玉. 农户消费行为差异分析——基于湖北两地区农户的调查[J]. 农业技术经济, 2015,(2):23-32 Liu S., Qi C. J., Zhao Y. Analysis of Differences in Consumption Behavior of Farm Households-A Survey Based on Farm Households in Two Regions of Hubei[J]. Agricultural Technology Economy, 2015,(2):23-32
[19] 于大川,赵小仕. 社会养老保险与消费支出:来自新型农村社会养老保险的证据[J]. 当代经济管理, 2017,39(10):81-87 Yu D. C., Zhao X. S. Social Pension Insurance and Consumption Expenditure:Evidence from New Rural Social Pension Insurance[J]. Contemporary Economic Management, 2017,39(10):81-87
[20] Blundell R., Preston I. P. Consumption Inequality and Income Uncertainty[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998,113(2):603-640
[21] Banerjee A. V., Duflo E. What Is Middle Class about the Middle Classes around the World?[J]. Association Science Electronic Publishing, 2008,22(2):3-28
[22] 沈宏亮,张佳. 精准扶贫政策对建档立卡户收入增长的影响[J]. 改革, 2019,(12):87-103 Shen H. L., Zhang J. The Impact of Precise Poverty Alleviation Policy on the Income Growth of Poverty-stricken Households with Documented Records[J]. Reform, 2019,(12):87-103
[23] 周侃,盛科荣,樊杰,等. 我国相对贫困地区高质量发展内涵及综合施策路径[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2020,35(7):895-906 Zhou K., Sheng K. R., Fan J., et al. Connotation of High-quality Development of Relatively Poor Areas in China and the Path of Comprehensive Policy Making[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020,(7):895-906
[24] 孙久文,夏添. 中国扶贫战略与2020年后相对贫困线划定——基于理论、政策和数据的分析[J]. 中国农村经济, 2019,(10):98-113 Sun J. W., Xia T. China's Poverty Reduction Strategy and Post-2020 Relative Poverty Line Delineation-An Analysis Based on Theory, Policy and Data[J]. China Rural Economy, 2019,(10):98-113
[25] 汪三贵,刘明月. 从绝对贫困到相对贫困:理论关系、战略转变与政策重点[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,(6):18-29 Wang S. G., Liu M. Y. From Absolute Poverty to Relative Poverty:Theoretical Relationship, Strategic Shift and Policy Focus[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020,(6):18-29
[26] Carroll C. D., Kimball M. S. On the Concavity of the Consumption Function[J]. Macroeconomics, 1995,(4):981-992
[27] 王志章,韩佳丽. 贫困地区多元化精准扶贫政策能够有效减贫吗?[J]. 中国软科学, 2017,(12):11-20 Wang Z. Z., Han J. L. Can Diversified Precision Poverty Reduction Policies in Poor Areas Effectively Reduce Poverty?[J]. China Soft Science, 2017,(12):11-20
[28] 边俊杰,赵天宇. 精准扶贫政策对农村贫困居民家庭消费的影响——基于赣南苏区的入户调查数据分析[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2019,(1):63-73 Bian J. J., Zhao T. Y. Impact of Precise Poverty Alleviation Policy on Household Consumption of Rural Poor Residents-Based on the Analysis of Household Survey Data Gannan Soviet Region in Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2019,(1):63-73
[29] 汪亚楠,徐枫,叶欣. 数字乡村建设能推动农村消费升级吗?[J]. 管理评论, 2021,33(11):135-144 Wang Y. N., Xu F., Ye X. Can Digital Countryside Construction Promote Rural Consumption Upgrade?[J]. Management Review, 2021,33(11):135-144
[30] 林文芳. 县域城乡居民消费结构与收入关系分析[J]. 统计研究, 2011,28(4):49-56 Lin W. F. Analysis of the Relationship between Consumption Structure and Income of Urban and Rural Residents in County Areas[J]. Statistical Research, 2011,28(4):49-56
[31] Frank R. H. Expenditure Cascades[J]. Review of Behavioral Economics, 2014,1(1-2):55-73
[32] 王秀燕,董长瑞,靳卫东. 个人所得税改革与居民消费:基于准实验研究[J]. 管理评论, 2019,31(2):36-48 Wang X. Y., Dong C. R., Jin W. D. Individual Income Tax Reform and Residents' Consumption:Based on a Quasi-experimental Study[J]. Management Review, 2019,31(2):36-48
[33] Cai X. Q., Lu Y., Qin M., et al. Does Environmental Regulation Drive away Inbound Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment in China[J]. Development Economics, 2016,(123):73-85