管理评论

管理评论 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 171-181.

• 组织行为与人力资源管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

生于忧患：毕业遭遇经济下行与员工工作绩效

周怀康1, 刘善仕2, 彭秋萍3, 蒋建武4   

  1. 1. 清华大学经济管理学院, 北京 100084;
    2. 华南理工大学工商管理学院, 广州 510640;
    3. 华南农业大学经济管理学院, 广州 510642;
    4. 深圳大学管理学院, 深圳 518060
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-07 发布日期:2023-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 彭秋萍(通讯作者),华南农业大学经济管理学院讲师,博士。
  • 作者简介:周怀康,清华大学经济管理学院助理研究员,博士;刘善仕,华南理工大学工商管理学院教授,博士生导师,博士;蒋建武,深圳大学管理学院教授,硕士生导师,博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目（71832003）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（71672116）。

Be Born at Hardship: Graduation in Economic Downturn and Employee Job Performance

Zhou Huaikang1, Liu Shanshi2, Peng Qiuping3, Jiang Jianwu4   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    2. School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640;
    3. School of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642;
    4. School of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060
  • Received:2020-04-07 Published:2023-07-27

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摘要： 短期的宏观环境因素可能对个体长期的职业发展产生重要的影响。然而当前，毕业遭遇经济下行对个体工作绩效具有何种影响仍知之甚少。本文基于烙印理论，以我国某大型高科技企业员工为研究对象，探索了个体在毕业时遭遇经济下行对其后续工作绩效的持续影响作用。基于该高科技企业2014—2018年人力资源档案数据的实证研究发现：相比于毕业没有遭遇经济下行的员工，毕业遭遇经济下行的员工总体上具有更好的后续工作绩效表现。调节作用检验表明，该效应在员工毕业于名校、团队同事绩效更好的情况下更为明显，但随着其职业生涯的延伸，则会逐渐减弱。进一步研究发现：（1）当员工毕业遭遇经济下行的广度和深度越大时，毕业遭遇经济下行对工作绩效的积极影响程度也越强；（2）当员工毕业遭遇经济下行时，其在后续职业生涯会更主动地寻求职业培训。本研究从个体烙印的视角揭示了毕业遭遇经济下行作用于员工工作绩效的路径和边界，拓展了宏观经济因素的微观影响研究，并丰富了烙印理论的理解和运用。同时，为员工职业发展与管理、企业人才策略制定提供重要启示。

关键词: 经济下行, 工作绩效, 烙印理论, 培训寻求, 同事绩效

Abstract: Short-term macro-environmental factors may have an important impact on an individual's long-term career development. However, at present, the impact of economic downturn on individual job performance is still poorly understood. According to the imprinting theory, this paper uses the human resources file data of a large high-tech enterprise in China for the period 2014—2018, and explores the continuous impact of the economic downturn on the follow-up job performance of individuals when they graduate. The study finds that employees who experienced economic downturn generally have better follow-up performance than employees who did not experience economic downturn upon graduation. The boundary effect test shows that the effect is more pronounced when employees graduate from prestigious schools and the performance of team colleagues is better, but decreases as their career extends. Further studies find that: (1) the greater extent and depth of economic downturn new employees suffer upon graduation, the more positive impact the downturn has on their job performance; and (2) those who suffer an economic downturn upon graduation will be more active in seeking job training in the subsequent stages of their career.

Key words: economic downturn, job performance, imprint theory, colleague performance, training seeking