国内商业模式创新研究现状探析：反常问题与类型学的双导向视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对“找补文献缺口法”和研究工具驱动法导致国内商业模式创新（BMI）研究面临学科贡献不显的窘境，本文提出“双导向视角”思路：从冲突中获取研究问题的反常问题导向视角，以优化类型划分为研究目标的类型学导向视角，再以此审视CSSCI（2019—2020）中BMI文献的表现。研究表明：（1）反常问题分3类：有实践无理论类、无强理论类和并存多种强理论类，它们有助于构造更多有趣的研究问题。（2）解决反常问题的成果归为3类：新理论类、理论优化类和理论融合类。这种类型学导向的思路将在优化理论和指导实践者方面形成更多研究贡献。（3）国内现有BMI文献在前因变量、基本构念、结果变量、中间变量方面累积了大量成果，但是提出研究问题、理论开发过程和结果、理论检验方法采纳上表现出不均衡状态，这也由此打开了新的研究空间。这些工作对BMI领域摆脱研究窘境有参考作用，并增添管理研究方法论新内容。

关键词: 商业模式创新, 反常问题导向, 类型学, CSSCI

Abstract: Nowadays, it is awkward that domestic business model innovation (BMI) researches contribute little to the science and this is because they, follow the thought of “finding and filling gaps” and use research tool-driven methods. In this paper, we introduce the idea of “double orientation perspective”: obtaining the anomaly-driven perspective of research targets from the conflict, and taking the optimization type as the typology-driven perspective of research objectives. And then we examine the performance of BMI literature in CSSCI (2019—2020). The research conclusions are as follows. (1) Anomaly problems can be divided into three categories: practice without theory, no strong theory and coexistence of multiple strong theory, which help to construct more interesting research targets. (2) The research results of solving anomaly problems fall into three categories: new theory, theoretical optimization and theoretical integration. This typology-driven idea will generate more research contributions in optimizing theory and guiding practitioners. (3) The existing BMI literature in China has accumulated a lot of achievements in antecedent variables, basic constructs, outcome variables and intermediate variables. However, there is an imbalance in giving research targets, implementing theorizing process, obtaining results and adopting theoretical test methods, which also opens new research space. These works provide meaningful reference for the existing BMI researches to find a way out, and add new contents to the existing management research methodology.

Key words: business model innovation, anomaly-driven, typology, CSSCI

白胜, 商行, 密金琳. 国内商业模式创新研究现状探析：反常问题与类型学的双导向视角[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(6): 123-133.

Bai Sheng, Shang Xing, Mi Jinlin. The State Quo of the Business Model Innovation Researches in China: A Dual Oriented Perspective of Anomaly and Typology[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(6): 123-133.

参考文献

[1] Martins L., Tucci C., Afuah A. A Critical Assessment of Business Model Research[J]. Academy of Management Annals, 2017,(11):73-104
[2] Writz B., Göttel G. V., Daiser P. Business Model Innovation:Development, Concept and Future Research Directions[J]. Journal of Business Models, 2016,4(1):1-28
[3] Zott C., Amit R., Massa L. The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J]. Journal of Management, 2011,37(4):1019-1042
[4] 江积海. 商业模式是"新瓶装旧酒"吗?[J]. 研究与发展, 2015,(2):12-24
[5] Writz B., Daiser P. Business Model Innovation Process:A Systematic Literature Review[J]. Journal of Business Models, 2018,6(1):40-58
[6] Foss N., Saebi T. Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation:How Far have We Come, and Where should We Go?[J]. Journal of Management, 2017,43(1):200-227
[7] Zott C., Amit R. The Business Model:A Theoretically Anchored Robust Construct for Strategic Analysis[J]. Strategic Organization, 2013,11(4):403-411
[8] 李会军,席酉民. 一个探索性的商业模式创新理论框架——基于质性案例研究的元综合[J]. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2019,(2):59-71
[9] 王雪东,董大海. 国外商业模式表达模型评介与整合表达模型构建[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2013,35(4):49-61
[10] 白胜. 聚焦反常:选择管理研究问题的新策略[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2015,32(17):1-5
[11] Doty H., Glick W. Typologies as a Unique Form of Theory Building:Toward Improved Understanding and Modeling[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1994,19(2):230-251
[12] Christensen C. The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2006,23:39-55
[13] Lambent S. The Importance Classification to Business Model Research[J]. Journal of Business Models, 2015,3(1):49-61
[14] 汉森·N. R. 著. 邢新力,周沛译. 发现的模式[M]. 北京:中国国际广播出版社, 1988
[15] 徐淑英. 科学精神和对社会负责的学术[J]. 管理世界, 2015,(1):156-163
[16] Martins L., Rindova V., Greenbaum B. Unlocking the Hidden Value of Concepts:A Cognitive Approach to Business Model Innovation[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship, 2015,(9):99-117
[17] Amit R., Zott C. Value Creation in E-business[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2001,22:493-520
[18] Poole M., Van de Ven. Using a Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1989,14(4):562-578
[19] Foss N., Saebi T. Business Model and Business Model Innovation:Between Wicked and Paradigmatic Problems[J]. Long Range Planning, 2018,51:9-21
[20] Täuscher K., Abdelkafi N. Visual Tools for Business Model Innovation:Recommendations from a Cognitive Perspective[J]. Creativity Innovation Management, 2017,(26):160-174
[21] 罗伯特. 殷著. 周海涛译. 案例研究:设计与方法[M]. 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2004
[22] Hambrick D. An Empirical Typology of Mature Industrial-product Environment[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1983,(26):213-230
[23] Cornelissen J. Editor's Comments:Developing Propositions, a Process Model, or a Typology? Addressing the Challenges of Writing Theory without a Boilerplate[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2017,42(1):1-9
[24] Fiss P. Building Better Causal Theories:A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organization Research[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54(2):393-420
[25] McDonald M., Eisenhardt M. Parallel Play:Startups, Nascent Markets, and Effective Business Model Design[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2020,65(2):483-523
[26] Johnson M., Christensen C., Kagermann H. Reinventing Your Business Model[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2008,(12):52-60
[27] Täuscher K. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis and System Dynamics for Theory-Driven Business Model Research[J]. Strategic Organization, 2018,(16):470-481
[28] Zott C., Amit R. Business Model Innovation:Toward a Process Perspective[M]//Shalley C. E., Hitt M. A., Zhou J. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. New York:Oxford University Press, 2015
[29] Verhoeven B., Johnson W. Business Model Innovation Portfolio Strategy for Growth under Product-Market Configurations[J]. Journal of Business Models, 2017,5(1):35-50
[30] 江积海,阮文强. 新零售企业商业模式场景化创新能创造价值倍增吗?[J]. 科学学研究, 2020,38(2):346-356
[31] 田剑,徐佳斌. 平台型企业商业模式创新驱动因素研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2020,38(5):949-960
[32] 罗兴武,杨俊,项国鹏,等. 商业模式创新双重属性如何作用创业企业成长:裸心的案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2019,31(7):133-148
[33] 朱宗乾,尚晏莹,张若晨. 基于工业互联网的制造企业商业模式:如何从无到有?[J]. 科技管理研究, 2019,39(10):223-232
[34] 刘峥,余明阳,陈思静,等. 中小型生鲜电商企业商业模式创新及评价体系研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 201939(11):107-112
[35] 曾萍,黄紫薇,汪金爱. 政治关联与商业模式创新:吸收能力的调节效应[J]. 科研管理, 2020,41(4):151-159
[36] Schneider S., Spieth P. Business Model Innovation:Towards an Integrated Future Research Agenda[J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2013,17(1):1340001-1340034
[37] Suddaby R. What Grounded Theory Is Not[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2006,49(4):461-487
[38] 乔晗,贾舒喆,张思,等. 商业模式二次创新和制度环境共演的过程与机制:基于支付宝发展历程的纵向案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2020,32(8):63-75
[39] 王立夏,宋子昭. 动态演化视角下企业家精神与商业模式创新关系研究——以尚品宅配为例[J]. 管理案例研究与评论, 2020,13(3):287-301
[40] 王金凤,王永正,冯立杰,等. 创新基因学视角下商业模式创新方法研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020,37(1):18-29
[41] 王核成,李鑫,周泯,等. 商业模式创新与技术创新共演下企业能力升级——吉利汽车纵向案例研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020,37(11):100-109
[42] Eisenhardt K., Graebner M. Theory Building from Cases:Opportunities and Challenges[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007,50(1):25-32
[43] Sutton R., Staw B. What Theory Is Not[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1995,43(3):371-384
[44] 仝自强,李鹏翔,杨磊. 商业模式创新的绩效评价体系演化研究——以海尔集团为例[J]. 管理现代化, 2020,40(3):43-46
[45] Sparrowe R., Mayer K. Grounding Hypotheses[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54(6):1098-1102
[46] 张新民,陈德球. 移动互联网时代企业商业模式、价值共创与治理风险——基于瑞幸咖啡财务造假的案例分析[J]. 管理世界, 2020,36(5):74-87
[47] 迟考勋. 商业模式创新构念化研究回顾与理论构建:基于组合模型视角[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020,37(16):151-159
[48] 张美丽,冯志山,樊养俭. 转型背景下企业EBMI与ETI的匹配模式研究[J]. 科研管理, 2020,41(8):277-288
[49] 王水莲,陈志霞,于程灏. 制造企业商业模式创新驱动机制研究——基于模糊集的定性比较分析[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020,37(10):58-65
[50] 王炳成,郝兴霖.刘露. 战略性新兴产业商业模式创新研究——环境不确定性与组织学习匹配视角[J]. 软科学, 2020,34(10):50-55
[51] 梁健,樊景立. 理论构念的测量[M]//陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立. 组织与管理研究的实证方法(第二版). 北京:北京大学出版社, 2012
[52] 朴庆,孙新波,钱雨,等. 服务化转型视角下技术创新与商业模式创新的互动机制研究——以沈阳机床集团为案例[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2020,41(2):94-115
[53] Zott C., Amit R. Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms[J]. Organization Science, 2007,18(2):181-199
[54] 李康,王金凤,冯立杰. 动态管理能力与企业创新绩效的关系——商业模式设计的中介作用[J]. 科技管理研究, 2020,40(10):174-181
[55] 陈菊红,张睿君,张雅琪. 服务化战略对企业绩效的影响——基于商业模式创新的中介作用[J]. 科研管理, 2020,41(4):131-139
[56] 伯努瓦·里豪克斯,查尔斯·拉金著. 杜运周,李永发译. QCA设计原理与应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2017
[57] 杜运周,贾良定. 组态视角与定性比较分析(QCA):管理学研究的一条新道路[J]. 管理世界, 2017,(6):155-167
[58] 项国鹏,娄淑珍,王节祥. 谁更受青睐:创业企业融资可得性的定性比较分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2019,37(10):1642-1650
[59] 王炳成,郝兴霖,崔巍. 绩效期望差距与民营企业商业模式创新——环境动态性、资源丰裕度及企业家精神的联动机制[J]. 商业研究, 2020,(9):1-10
[60] 王炳成,麻汕,曾丽君. 商业模式创新空间要素联动研究[J]. 管理学刊, 2020,33(1):70-81
[61] Davis M. S. That's Interesting! Towards a Phenomenology of Sociology and a Sociology of Phenomenology[J]. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 1971,(2):309-344
[62] Snihur Y., Zott C., Amit R. Managing the Value Appropriation Dilemma in Business Model Innovation[J]. Strategy Science, 2021,6(11):22-38
[63] Snihur Y., Zott C. The Genesis and Metamorphosis of Novelty Imprint:How Business Model Innovation Emerges in Young Ventures[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2020,63(2):554-583
[64] Schneckenberg D., Matzler K., Spieth P. Theorizing Business Model Innovation:An Organizing Framework of Research Dimensions and Future Perspectives[J]. R&D Management, 2022,52(3):593-609
[65] 卡尔·波普尔著. 舒炜光,等译. 客观知识[M]. 上海:上海译文出版社, 2005
[66] 吴晓波,张馨月,沈华杰. 商业模式创新视角下我国半导体产业"突围之路"[J]. 管理世界, 2021,37(3):123-137
[67] Freisinger E., Heidenreich S., Landau C., et al. Business Model Innovation through the Lens of Time:An Empirical Study of Performance Implications across Venture Life Cycles[J]. Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, 2021,(73):339-380
[68] Van Aken J. Management Research Based on the Paradigm of the Design Science:The Quest for Tested and Grounded Technological Rules[J]. Journal of Management,2004,41(2):219-246
[69] 陈一华,张振刚. 商业模式创新前因研究:决策逻辑、组织学习的视角[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(5):81-92
[70] 王丽平,张敏. 多因素联动效应对新经济企业商业模式创新的驱动机制——基于模糊集的定性比较分析[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(3):141-152