创业者人力资本与企业绩效关系及多层次边界条件研究——基于经验视角的元分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 创业者人力资本的绩效表现是创业研究领域关注的重要问题之一，先前经验作为人力资本最主要的组成部分，其与企业绩效之间关系的方向和强弱尚未形成一致的结论。因此，本文运用元分析方法，基于国内外193个独立研究样本，从先前经验视角探究创业者人力资本与企业绩效之间的真实关系以及可能存在的边界条件。研究发现，创业者先前经验与企业绩效之间是积极的弱相关关系（r＝ 0.109），其中，创业经验对绩效的影响显著高于工作经验，多样性经验对绩效的影响高于单一经验。企业年龄、所处行业、环境不确定性、研究时点以及绩效测量方式对二者之间的关系均发挥了调节作用。本研究从权变视角调和了关于新企业人力资本效率的讨论，印证了不同类型的人力资本之间的协同效应，是对人力资本理论的有效拓展。同时，本文的研究结论更加贴合中国的创业情境，有助于本土创业理论的构建，也可以为投资者和创业者提供较为可靠的决策参考。

关键词: 创业者, 人力资本, 先前经验, 企业绩效, 元分析

Abstract: The relationship between entrepreneurs' human capital and business performance is one of the most important issues in the field of entrepreneurship research. As the most important component of entrepreneurs' human capital, the direction and strength of the relationship between entrepreneurs' prior experience and business performance have not yet reached a consistent conclusion. Therefore, based on 193 independent research samples at home and abroad, this paper finds that there is a positive and weak correlation between entrepreneurs' prior experience and business performance (r=0.109). To be specific, entrepreneurial experience has a significantly higher impact on performance than that of work experience and the impact of diverse experience on performance is higher than that of single experience. Furthermore, firm age, industry, environmental uncertainty, research time and the measure of performance all play a moderating role in the relationship between them. This study harmonizes the discussions on the efficiency of human capital in start-ups from the contingency perspective, and confirms the synergistic effect between different types of human capital, which is an effective extension of human capital theory. At the same time, the research conclusion of this paper, which is is more suitable for China's entrepreneurship situation, can help the construction of local entrepreneurship theory and provide a reliable reference for investors and entrepreneurs to make decisions.

Key words: entrepreneur, human capital, prior experience, business performance, Meta-analysis

胡望斌, 焦康乐, 张亚会, 张琪. 创业者人力资本与企业绩效关系及多层次边界条件研究——基于经验视角的元分析[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(7): 81-94.

Hu Wangbin, Jiao Kangle, Zhang Yahui, Zhang Qi. A Meta-analysis on the Multilevel Boundary Conditions of the Relationship between Entrepreneurs' Human Capital and Business Performance[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(7): 81-94.

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