“营改增”对企业劳动力需求的影响研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “营改增”是推进供给侧结构性改革的重要举措,本文利用“营改增”的政策冲击,以2010—2014年为观察期,运用PSM和DID方法分别检验了“营改增”先行地区(上海和八省市)以及全国性试点对企业劳动力需求的影响,并探究了该政策效应的渠道机制。研究结果表明,“营改增”显著增加了试点企业的劳动力需求,验证了资本与劳动之间的收入效应大于替代效应。区分产权性质和地区金融发展程度的进一步研究发现,“营改增”对企业劳动力需求的增加效应在非国有企业和金融发展程度低的地区更显著。拓展性分析结果显示,缓解内源融资约束是“营改增”增加企业劳动力需求的重要渠道机制。本文是对现有供给侧结构性改革与微观企业行为和经济后果研究的重要补充,为后续利用税收政策完成供给侧结构性改革目标提供了重要参考。

关键词: 营改增, 产权性质, 劳动力需求, 收入效应

Abstract: Based on the data of Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2014, this paper applies PSM and DID to examines the impact of replacing business tax with value-added tax (RBTVAT) in Shanghai, eight cities and provinces as well as the whole nation on corporate labor demand and its channel mechanism. The results show that compared with non-pilot firms, RBTVAT has significantly increased the labor demand of pilot firms, indicating the capital-labor income effect is greater than the substitution effect. Our further study on the property characteristics and financial development show that the positive relationship between RBTVAT and corporate labor demand is more significant in private firms and firms in less financially developed regions. The results of this extended analysis show that mitigating internal financing constraints is an important channel mechanism for RBTVAT to increase corporate labor demand. This paper, as an important supplement to the existing tax reform researches, provides an alternative insight into influencing factors of corporate labor demand.

Key words: RBTVAT, property characteristics, labor demand, income effect

曹越, 彭可人, 郭天枭. “营改增”对企业劳动力需求的影响研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(11): 3-15.

Cao Yue, Peng Keren, Guo Tianxiao. The Influence of Replacing Business Tax with Value-added Tax on Corporate Labor Demand[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(11): 3-15.

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