市场竞争程度、需求规模与企业技术创新——基于中国工业企业微观数据的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于国家统计局发布的2005—2007年工业企业数据库的微观数据，本文研究了市场竞争程度和需求规模对我国企业技术创新的影响机制。本文发现，市场竞争程度、市场需求规模对企业技术创新投入的影响呈倒U型。本文使用企业（行业）盈利能力指标和5公司行业集中度衡量市场竞争程度，发现只有在多个大企业主导的竞争型市场（5公司行业集中度达到60%左右、企业毛利率水平稳定于34%左右）中，企业的技术创新强度最高，竞争过于激烈或缺乏竞争均不利于企业技术创新。本文使用企业的工业总产值、主营业务收入、销售收入衡量市场需求规模，发现企业所面临的需求规模很小或很大时，技术创新均不活跃；只有在市场需求规模稳定在某一较高临界值附近时，企业技术创新最活跃。同时，大企业的创新有明显的需求驱动和竞争驱动双重特征，小企业则更受竞争驱动。广告投入与企业技术创新投入有正相关关系。本文提出推动我国企业技术创新的主要政策建议为：一是充分重视和挖掘中国特有的巨大市场规模，在各行业中营造多个大企业主导的竞争型市场，让大企业既展开充分竞争，又获得较为可观的市场份额和盈利能力。二是继续坚持和优化鼓励技术创新活动的税收优惠等扶持政策。三是注重优化和提高企业的市场推广能力，尤其要改善较小规模企业的广告和营销环境。

关键词: 企业技术创新, 市场竞争程度, 市场需求规模, 需求驱动, 竞争驱动

Abstract: Based on the micro data of the industrial enterprise database published by the National Bureau of Statistics from 2005 to 2007, this paper studies the mechanism of how market competition and demand scale impact on the technological innovation of Chinese enterprises. We find that the impact of market competition and the scale of market demand on an enterprise’s investment in technological innovation takes on an inverted U shape. This paper uses enterprise (industry) profitability indicators and industry concentration of 5 companies to measure the degree of market competition, and finds that only in competitive markets dominated by large companies (i.e, about 60% of the market shares are taken by top 5 companies whose gross profit margin keeps stable at around 34%), enterprises have the highest intensity of technological innovation, too much competition or lack of competition are not conducive to technological innovation. We use the enterprises’ total industrial output value, main business income and sales income to measure the market demand scale. We find that when the scale of demand is too small or too large, technological innovation is not active; only when the market demand scale is stable at a certain mediun high level, enterprise technological innovation is the most active. At the same time, the innovation of large enterprises is both demand-driven and competition-driven, while small enterprises’ innovation is driven mainly by competition. There is a positive correlation between advertising investment and enterprise technological innovation investment. This paper puts forward several policy recommendations: Firstly, pay full attention to the unique huge market size of China and create competitive markets in various industries and allow large enterprises to compete and obtain a considerable market share and profitability. Secondly, continue to support and optimize tax incentive policies to encourage technological innovation. Thirdly, make larger efforts to optimize and improve enterprises’ marketing capabilities.

Key words: firm innovation, competition degree, market demand, demand-driven, competition-driven

孔令文, 徐长生, 易鸣. 市场竞争程度、需求规模与企业技术创新——基于中国工业企业微观数据的研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(1): 118-129.

Kong Lingwen, Xu Changsheng, Yi Ming. Market Competition, Market Demand and Firm Innovation： A Rearch Based on Firms’ Micro-data of Manufacturing Industries in China[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(1): 118-129.

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