战略导向与组织结构交互的动态能力演化——基于海尔集团的案例研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 战略导向与组织结构是影响动态能力形成的关键因素，但现有研究多是基于能力视角，从其中某一因素出发研究动态能力。本文从过程视角出发，基于权变理论，选取海尔集团为研究对象，构建战略导向与组织结构交互作用模型，进而归纳出企业动态能力的演化机制。研究发现：（1）由于存在战略导向制定的先行性与组织结构调整的滞后性的矛盾，企业变革需要经历由战略导向变化导致旧组织结构不适，催生组织结构变革，继而新组织结构支持新战略并反馈调节其实施的交互作用过程；（2）战略导向与组织结构交互作用，引起组织学习方向的变化与组织资源、权力的重构，从而促进动态能力不断演化；（3）企业成长会经历规模扩张、技术创新与共享开放三个不同阶段，其间环境变化促使动态能力的应对焦点随之变化，形成从组织柔性能力到变革创新能力，再到生态联结能力的演化路径。基于本土企业成长过程探讨动态能力演化机制，对本土企业培育动态能力具有一定实践启示。

关键词: 战略导向, 组织结构, 动态能力

Abstract: Strategic orientation and organizational structure are crucial factors that affect the formation of dynamic capabilities, but most of the existing researches study dynamic capabilities from a single factor based on the perspective of capability. From the perspective of process, this paper selects Haier Group as the research object based on contingency theory, constructs a model of interaction between strategic orientation and organizational structure. Then the formation mechanism and evolution path of enterprise dynamic capabilities are summarized. The study finds that:(1) Due to the contradiction between the advancement of strategic orientation formulation and the lag of organizational structure adjustment, enterprise reform needs to experience the mismatch of the old organizational structure caused by the strategic orientation changes, which promotes organizational structure changes, and then the new organizational structure supports the new strategy and regulates the interactive process of its implementation; (2) The interaction between strategic orientation and organizational structure causes changes in the direction of organizational learning and the reconstruction of organizational resources and rights, thereby promoting the continuous evolution of dynamic capabilities; (3) The growth of enterprises will go through three different stages:scale expansion, technological innovation and sharing and opening, during which environmental changes will prompt changes in the focus of dynamic capabilities, forming the evolution path from organizational flexibility capabilities to innovation capabilities and then to ecological connection capabilities. Based on the local enterprises, this paper discusses the evolution mechanism of dynamic capabilities, which has certain practical enlightenment for local enterprises to cultivate dynamic capabilities.

Key words: Key words:strategic orientation, organizational structure, dynamic capabilities

卢艳秋, 宋昶, 王向阳. 战略导向与组织结构交互的动态能力演化——基于海尔集团的案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(9): 340-352.

Lu Yanqiu, Song Chang, Wang Xiangyang. The Evolution of Dynamic Capability Based on Strategic Orientation and Organizational Structure Interaction: A Case Study of Haier Group[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(9): 340-352.

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