PPP项目中风险再分担对私人部门行为的影响——公平感知的多重中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： PPP项目中风险再分担对私人部门行为具有重要影响。基于合同参照点效应和社会交换理论，构建了以风险再分担为前因，公平感知为中介，私人部门行为为结果的理论模型。通过对私人部门进行问卷调查，获得214份有效数据，运用结构方程、Bootstrap和PRODOCLIN方法对模型进行检验。研究结果表明：合理的风险再分担对私人部门角色内与角色外行为均有显著正向影响；风险再分担对公平感知的程序公平、分配公平和互动公平三个维度均有显著正向影响；公平感知在风险再分担与私人部门行为关系间起部分中介作用，且各维度的中介效应存在差异。其中，风险再分担与私人部门角色内行为关系中，分配公平的中介效应最大，程序公平的中介效应最小；风险再分担与私人部门角色外行为关系中，互动公平的中介效应最大，程序公平的中介效应最小。

关键词: PPP项目, 风险再分担, 公平感知, 私人部门行为

Abstract: Risk reallocation in PPP projects has an important impact on private sector's behavior. Based on the contract reference point effect and social exchange theory, this paper constructs a conceptual model including risk reallocation in PPP projects as antecedent variable, perceived justice as the mediating variable and private sector's behavior as result variable. Through a questionnaire survey, 214 pieces of valid data are obtained and the model is tested by using structural equation model, Bootstrap and PRODOCLIN methods. The results show that reasonable risk reallocation has a significant positive effect on both in-role behavior and extra-role behavior of private sector. Risk reallocation has significant positive effects on procedural justice, distributive justice and interactive justice. Perceived justice plays partial mediating role between risk reallocation and private sector's behavior while the mediating effect of each dimension is different. Among them, the distributive justice has the largest mediating effect while the procedural justice has the least intermediary effect between risk reallocation and in-role behavior in private sector. Moreover, the mediating effect of interaction justice is the largest and the one of procedural justice is the least between risk reallocation and extra-role behavior in private sector.

Key words: PPP projects, risk reallocation, perceived justice, private sector's behavior

陈海涛, 徐永顺, 迟铭. PPP项目中风险再分担对私人部门行为的影响——公平感知的多重中介作用[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(8): 53-65.

Chen Haitao, Xu Yongshun, Chi Ming. Research on the Impact of Risk Reallocation on Private Sector's Behavior in PPP Projects——The Multiple Mediating Effects of Perceived Justice[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(8): 53-65.

参考文献

[1] Cui C., Liu Y., Hope A., et al. Review of Studies on the Public——Private Partnerships (PPP) for Infrastructure Projects[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2018,36(5):773-794
[2] Almarri K., Blcakwell P. Improving Risk Sharing and Investment Appraisal for PPP Procurement Success in Large Green Projects[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014,119:847-856
[3] Ke Y., Wang S., Chan A. P. C. Risk Misallocation in Public-Private Partnership Projects in China[J]. International Public Management Journal, 2013,16(3):438-460
[4] 王建斌,吴小佳. PPP项目风险再分担问题研究——基于效用理论的分析[J]. 价格理论与实践, 2018,(3):139-142
[5] 杜亚灵,胡雯拯,尹贻林. 风险分担对工程项目管理绩效影响的实证研究[J]. 管理评论, 2014,26(10):46-55
[6] 王垚,尹贻林. 工程项目信任、风险分担及项目管理绩效影响关系实证研究[J]. 软科学, 2014,25(5):101-104
[7] Liu J., Gao R., Cheah C. Y. J., et al. Incentive Mechanism for Inhibiting Investors' Opportunistic Behavior in PPP Projects[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2016,34(7):1102-1111
[8] You J., Chen Y., Wang W., et al. Uncertainty, Opportunistic Behavior, and Governance in Construction Projects:The Efficacy of Contracts[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2018,36(5):795-807
[9] Zhang S., Fu Y., Kang F. How to Foster Contractors' Cooperative Behavior in the Chinese Construction Industry:Direct and Interaction Effects of Power and Contract[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2018,36(7):940-953
[10] Cruz C. O., Marques R. C. Exogenous Determinants for Renegotiating Public Infrastructure Concessions:Evidence from Portugal[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2013,139(9):1082-1090
[11] 夏立明,王丝丝,张成宝. PPP项目再谈判过程的影响因素内在逻辑研究——基于扎根理论[J]. 软科学, 2017,31(1):136-140
[12] Xiong W., Zhang X. Concession Renegotiation Models for Projects Developed through Public-Private Partnerships[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2014,140(5):04014008, Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO. 1943-7862.0000843
[13] Cruz C. O., Marques R. C. Endogenous Determinants for Renegotiating Concessions:Evidence from Local Infrastructure[J]. Local Government Studies, 2013,39(3):352-374
[14] 严玲,江静,郭亮,等. 合同补偿中公平感知对承包人履约行为影响的实证研究[J]. 管理学报, 2018,15(5):660-668
[15] 严玲,韩亦凡,陈雨薇. 建设工程合同参照点相对值、公平感知与承包人履约行为[J]. 工业工程与管理, 2018,23(2):68-75
[16] Meng X., Gallagher B. The Impact of Incentive Mechanisms on Project Performance[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2012,30(3):352-362
[17] Beuve J., Lannier A. L., Squeren Z. L. Renegotiating PPP Contracts:Opportunities and Pitfalls[M]. Switzerland:Springer International Publishing, 2018
[18] Guasch J. L. Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concession:Doing It Right[R]. Washington, DC:World Bank, 2004
[19] Colquitt J. A., Conlon D. E., Wesson M. J., et al. Justice at the Millenium:A Meta-Analytic Review of 25 Years of Organizational Justice Research[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001,86(3):425-445
[20] Husted B. W., Folger R. Fairness and Transaction Costs:The Contribution of Organizational Justice Theory to an Integrative Model of Economic Organization[J]. Organization Science, 2004,15(6):719-729
[21] Lim B. T. H., Loosemore M. The Effect of Inter-Organizational Justice Perceptions on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Construction Projects[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2017,35(2):95-106
[22] Zhang S., Zhang S., Gao Y., et al. Contractual Governance:Effects of Risk Allocation on Contractors' Cooperative Behavior in Construction Projects[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2016,142(6):04016005, Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.000111
[23] Song H., Zhu F., Klakegg O. J., et al. Relationship between Contractual Flexibility and Contractor's Cooperative Behavior:The Mediating Effect of Justice Perception[J]. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2018,11(2):382-405
[24] 杜亚灵,孙娜,柯丹. PPP项目中私人部门公平感知量表的开发与验证[J]. 重庆大学学报(社会科学版), 2017,23(3):52-62
[25] 杜亚灵,李会玲,柯洪. 中国情景下工程项目中承包商公平感知量表的开发与验证[J]. 系统管理学报, 2016,25(1):165-174
[26] Luo Y. How Important are Shared Perceptions of Procedural Justice in Cooperative Alliances?[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005,48(4):695-709
[27] Luo Y. Are We on the Same Page?:Justice Agreement in International Joint Ventures[J]. Journal of World Business, 2009,44(4):383-396
[28] Greenberg J. A Taxonomy of Organizational Justice Theories[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1987,12(1):9-22
[29] Luo Y. The Independent and Interactive Roles of Procedural, Distributive, and Interactional Justice in Strategic Alliances[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007,50(3):644-664
[30] Brown J. R., Cobb A. T., Lusch R. F. The Roles Played by Interorganizational Contracts and Justice in Marketing Channel Relationships[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2006,59(2):166-175
[31] Huo B., Wang Z., Tian Y. The Impact of Justice on Collaborative and Opportunistic Behaviors in Supply Chain Relationships[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2016,177:12-23
[32] Bies R. J., Moag J. S. Interactional Justice:Communication Criteria of Fairness[J]. Research on Negotiation in Organizations, 1986,1(1):43-55
[33] Hart O., Moore J. Contracts as Reference Points[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2008,123(1):1-48
[34] Anvuur A. M., Kumaraswamy M. M. Measurement and Antecedents of Cooperation in Construction[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2012,138(7):797-810
[35] 王雪青,许树生,徐志超. 项目组织中发包人风险分担对承包人行为的影响——承包人信任与被信任感的并行中介作用[J]. 管理评论, 2017,29(5):131-142
[36] Xu Z., Yin Y., Li D., et al. Owner's Risk Allocation and Contractor's Role Behavior in a Project:A Parallel-Mediation Model[J]. Engineering Management Journal, 2018,30(1):14-23
[37] Loosemore M., McCarthy C. S. Perceptions of Contractual Risk Allocation in Construction Supply Chains[J]. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 2008,134(1):95-105
[38] Meng X. The Effect of Relationship Management on Project Performance in Construction[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2012,30(2):188-198
[39] Klotz A. C., Bolino M. C. Citizenship and Counterproductive Work Behavior:A Moral Licensing View[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2013,38(2):292-306
[40] Hart O., Moore J. Incomplete Contracts and Renegotiation[J]. Econometrica, 1988,56(4):755-785
[41] Kangari R. Risk Management Perceptions and Trends of U.S. Construction[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1995,121(4):422-429
[42] Luo Y. The Independent and Interactive Roles of Procedural, Distributive, and Interactional Justice in Strategic Alliances[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007,50(3):644-664
[43] Scheer L. K., Kumar N., Steenkamp J. B. E. M. Reactions to Perceived Inequity in U.S. and Dutch Interorganizational Relationships[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2003,46(3):303-316
[44] Fehr E., Zehnder C., Hart O. Contracts, Reference Points, and Competition-Behavioral Effects of the Fundamental Transformation[J]. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2009,7(2-3):561-572
[45] 严玲,张祝冬,严敏,等. 基于合同参照点效应的建设项目承包人公平关切点研究[J]. 管理学报, 2017,14(10):1561-1569
[46] 杜亚灵,李会玲,柯洪. 工程项目中业主初始信任对合作的影响研究:承包商公平感知的中介作用[J]. 管理学报, 2014,11(10):1542-1551
[47] 蔡昊雯,史会斌,李垣. 程序公平和分配公平对联盟承诺的影响:基于中国医院联盟的实证研究[J]. 管理评论, 2012,24(3):157-163
[48] Liu Y., Huang Y., Luo Y., et al. How does Justice Matter in Achieving Buyer——Supplier Relationship Performance?[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2012,30(5):355-367
[49] Aibinu A. A., Ling F. Y. Y., Ofori G. Structural Equation Modelling of Organizational Justice and Cooperative Behaviour in the Construction Project Claims Process:Contractors' Perspectives[J]. Construction Management and Economics, 2011,29(5):463-481
[50] 尹贻林,赵华. 工程项目风险分担测量研究:模型构建、量表编制与效度检验[J]. 预测, 2013,32(4):8-14
[51] Williams L. J., Anderson S. E. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors[J]. Journal of Management, 1991,17(3):601-617
[52] Podsakoff P. M., Mackenzie S. B., Moorman R. H., et al. Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers' Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 1990,1(2):107-142
[53] Fornell C., Larcker D. F. Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981,18(1):39-50
[54] Harman H. H. Modern Factor Analysis (3rd ed., Revised)[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1976
[55] Hair J. F., Black W. C., Babin B. J., et al. Multivariate Data Analysis[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 2006
[56] O'Brien R. M. A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors[J]. Quality & Quantity, 2007,41(5):673-690
[57] Preacher K. J., Hayes A. F. Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models[J]. Behavior Research Methods, 2008,40(3):879-891
[58] Mackinnon D. P. Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis[M]. New York:Taylor and Francis Group, 2009
[59] Mackinnon D. P., Fritz M. S., Williams J., et al. Distribution of the Product Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect:Program PRODCLIN[J]. Behavior Research Methods, 2007,39(3):384-389