企业国际化初期的组织结构选择——欧美日跨国公司的比较研究及其启示

›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 116-126.

企业国际化初期的组织结构选择——欧美日跨国公司的比较研究及其启示

周伟¹, 吴先明¹, Adel Ben Youssef²

1. 武汉大学经济与管理学院, 武汉 430072;
2. 尼斯大学, 法国尼斯 06200

收稿日期:2016-12-07 出版日期:2017-12-28 发布日期:2017-12-20
作者简介:周伟,武汉大学经济与管理学院讲师,博士;吴先明,武汉大学经济与管理学院教授,博士生导师,博士;Adel Ben Youssef,法国尼斯大学经济学教授,博士生导师,博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（71603194）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2017QN039）。

Enterprises' Choice of Organizational Structure in Their Initial Stage of Internationalization——Comparative Study on European, American and Japanese Transnational Corporations and Its Revelation

Zhou Wei¹, Wu Xianming¹, Adel Ben Youssef²

1. Economics and Management School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072;
2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, 06200

Received:2016-12-07 Online:2017-12-28 Published:2017-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

组织结构与战略的匹配是企业在国际化初期度过风险与困难并生存下来的关键因素。我国跨国公司正处于国际化初期，子公司的平均存活年限仅为四年左右，远远低于预期。欧美日跨国公司分别于20世纪20-30年代、50-60年代和70-80年代完成了国际化扩张的初期，并进入了稳定发展的阶段。在回顾组织结构与企业战略匹配相关理论的基础上，比较分析了欧美日跨国公司在国际化初期所采取的战略和组织结构，对我国跨国公司国际化初期组织结构选择提供了借鉴和启示。根据我国跨国公司所面临的环境因素，我国跨国公司适合采用兼顾低成本和本地化优势的跨国战略。鉴于我国跨国公司同时在发达国家和发展中国家设有子公司，提出了适合跨国战略的整合网络组织。

关键词: 国际化初期, 组织结构, 战略, 欧美日跨国公司

Abstract:

The matching between organization structure and strategy is a key factor for enterprises to survive in the initial stage of internationalization. Chinese enterprises are in the initial stage of internationalization and the average survival period of their subsidiaries is only about four years, which is far shorter than expected. Transnational corporations in Europe, America and Japan have entered a stage of stable development since they went through the initial period of international expansion in the 1920s-1930s, 1950s-1960s and 1970s-1980s respectively. Based on reviewing the relevant theories on the matching between organizational structure and strategy, this research compares the strategies and organizational structures adopted by European, American and Japanese transnational corporations in their early stages of internationalization, which can provide reference and inspiration on the organizational structure choice of Chinese enterprises. According to the context of Chinese transnational corporations, it is suitable for them to adopt transnational strategy which has the advantages of both low cost and localization. Given that Chinese enterprises have established subsidiaries in both developed and developing countries, it is better for them to apply the integration network organization to fit transnational strategy.

Key words: initial stage of internationalization, organization structure, strategy, European, American and Japanese transnational corporations

周伟, 吴先明, Adel Ben Youssef. 企业国际化初期的组织结构选择——欧美日跨国公司的比较研究及其启示[J]. , 2017, 29(12): 116-126.

Zhou Wei, Wu Xianming, Adel Ben Youssef. Enterprises' Choice of Organizational Structure in Their Initial Stage of Internationalization——Comparative Study on European, American and Japanese Transnational Corporations and Its Revelation[J]. , 2017, 29(12): 116-126.

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