员工心理依附对其行为的影响——基于中国中小企业的实证研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究基于内化性和情境性两个视角,依恋理论和交换理论两个基础,提出一个整合模型,探索双维度内化性心理依附(基于资源和基于身份)和情境性影响因素(角色模糊和私人关系)对指向不同对象的公民行为(主管和组织)的交互影响。应用结构模型和多元回归,利用384份问卷检验整合模型。结果表明:基于身份的依附对组织公民行为影响最强,基于资源的依附对主管公民行为影响最强;只有在角色模糊程度高的时候,私人关系才对主管心理依附与主管公民行为之间的关系具有积极影响;角色模糊与私人关系的交互对组织心理依附与组织公民行为之间关系具有消极影响。

关键词: 心理依附, 公民行为, 角色模糊, 私人关系, 中国中小企业

Abstract:

Based on attachment theory and social exchange theory, this study explores an integrated model of employees' idealized and situated psychological attachment. Attachment can be divided into two dimensions (resource-based and identity-based). The research investigates the interaction effect of the two dimensions and contextual factors (role ambiguity and personal guanxi) on citizenship behavior toward different foci (supervisor and organization). Results show that identity-based attachment has a positive effect on citizenship behavior toward the organization, resource-based attachment has a positive effect on citizenship behavior toward the supervisor; only when the level of role ambiguity is high, personal guanxi has a positive effect on the relationship between attachment to supervisor and citizenship behavior toward the supervisor; the interaction between role ambiguity and personal guanxi has a negative effect on the relationship between attachment to the organization and the citizenship behavior toward the organization.

Key words: psychological attachment, citizenship behavior, role ambiguity, personal guanxi, Chinese SMEs

颜静, 樊耘, 张旭. 员工心理依附对其行为的影响——基于中国中小企业的实证研究[J]. , 2016, 28(4): 109-122.

Yan Jing, Fan Yun, Zhang Xu. Empirical Study Concerning the Effect of Psychological Attachment on Employees' Behavior——Based on a Sample of China's Small-and Medium-sized Enterprises[J]. , 2016, 28(4): 109-122.

参考文献

[1] 张卿.我国中小企业开拓国际市场问题和对策[J]. 华东经济管理, 2013,27(3):56-59
[2] 钟永平,胡军,王霄.华人企业管理模式及其文化基础——以港、台及大陆为例实证研究的初步结果[J]. 管理世界, 2002,(12):104-113
[3] Richards D. A., Schat A. C. H. Attachment at (Not to) Work:Applying Attachment Theory to Explain Individual Behavior in Organizations[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011,96(1):169-182
[4] Riketta M., Van Dick R. Foci of Attachment in Organizations:A Meta-Analytic Comparison of the Strength and Correlates of Workgroup versus Organizational Identification and Commitment[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2005,67(3):490-510
[5] Cropanzano R., Mitchell M. Social Exchange Theory:An Interdisciplinary Review[J]. Journal of Management, 2005,31(6):874-900
[6] Thau S., Crossley C., Bennett R. J., et al. The Relationship between Trust, Attachment, and Antisocial Work Behavior[J]. Human Relations, 2007,60(8):1155-1179
[7] Little L. M., Nelson D. L., Wallace J. C. Integrating Attachment Style, Vigor at Work, and Extra-Role Performance[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2011,32(3):464-484
[8] 樊耘,张旭,颜静.基于理论演进角度的组织承诺研究综述[J]. 管理评论, 2013,25(1):101-113
[9] Jones D. A. Does Serving the Community also Serve the Company? Using Organizational Identification and Social Exchange Theories to Understand Employee Responses to a Volunteerism Program[J]. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2010,83(4):857-878
[10] Lavelle J. J., Brockner J., Konovsky M. A. Commitment, Procedural Fairness, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior:A Multifoci Analysis[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2009,30(3):337-357
[11] Eatough E. M., Chang C., Miloslavic S. A. Relationships of Role Stressors with Organizational Citizenship Behavior:A Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011,96(3):619-632
[12] Chen C. C., Chen X., Huang S. Chinese Guanxi:An Integrative Review and New Directions for Future Research[J]. Management and Organizational Review, 2013,9(1):167-207
[13] Farmer S. M., Van Dyne L. The Idealized Self and the Situated Self as Predictors of Employee Work Behaviors[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010,95(3):503-516
[14] Reade C. Antecedents of Organizational Identification in Multinational Corporations:Fostering Psychological Attachment to the Local Subsidiary and the Global Organization[J]. Journal of Human Resource Management, 2001,12(8):1269-1291
[15] Becker T. E. Foci and Bases of Commitment:Are the Distinctions Worth Making?[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1992,35(1):232-244
[16] Reade C. Antecedents of Organizational Identification in Multinational Corporations:Fostering Psychological Attachment to the Local Subsidiary and the Global Organization[J]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2001,12(8):1269-1291
[17] 王怀勇,刘永芳,顾雷.互动公正对员工绩效与主管承诺的影响及其机制[J]. 心理科学, 2013,36(1):164-169
[18] Burris E. R., Detert J. R. Quitting before leaving:The Mediating Effect of Psychological Attachment and Detachment on Voice[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008,93(4):912-922
[19] Sparrowe, Liden R. C. Two Routes to Influence:Integrating Leader-Member Exchange and Social Network Perspectives[J]. Administrative science Quartly, 2005,50:505-535
[20] 陆雄文,楼天阳.虚拟社区与成员心理联结机制的实证研究:基于认同与纽带视角[J]. 南开管理评论, 2011,14(2):14-25
[21] De Roeck K., Marique G., Stinglhamber F., et al. Understanding Employees' Responses to Corporate Social Responsibility:Mediating Roles of Overall Justice and Organizational Identification[J]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2014,25(1):91-112
[22] Meyer J., Stanley D., Herscovitch L. Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization:A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2002,61(1):20-52
[23] Snape E., Redman T. HRM Practices, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance:A Multi-Level Analysis[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2010,7(47):1219-1247
[24] Lepine J. A., Erez A., Johnson D. E. The Nature and Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior:A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002,87(1):853-868
[25] Williams L. J., Anderson S. E. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behavior[J]. Journal of Management, 1991,17(3):601-617
[26] Lavelle J. J., Rupp D. E., Brockner J. Taking a Multifoci Approach to the Study of Justice, Social Exchange, and Citizenship Behavior:The Target Similarity Model[J]. Journal of Management, 2007,33(6):841-866
[27] Ilies R., Fulmer I. S., Spitzmuller M., et al. Personality and Citizenship Behavior:The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009,94(4):945-959
[28] Mikulincer M., Shaver P. R. Attachment Theory and Emotions in Close Relationships:Exploring the Attachment-Related Dynamic of Emotional Reactions to Relational Events[J]. Personal Relationships, 2005,(12):149-168
[29] Becker T., Kernan M. Matching Commitment to Supervisors and Organizations to In-Role and Extra-Role Performance[J]. Human Performance, 2003,16(4):327-348
[30] Cheng B., Jiang D., Riley J. H. Organizational Commitment, Supervisory Commitment, and Employee Outcomes in the Chinese Context:Proximal Hypothesis or Global Hypothesis?[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2003,24(1):313-334
[31] Han Y., Altman Y. Supervisor and Subordinate Guanxi:A Grounded Investigation in the People's Republic of China[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2009,88(1):91-104
[32] Chait H. N. Commitment in the Workplace:Theory, Research and Application[J]. Personnel Psychology, 1998,51(1):245-248
[33] Thau S., Crossley C., Bennett R. J., et al. The Relationship between Trust, Attachment, and Antisocial Work Behavior[J]. Human Relations, 2007,60(8):1155-1179
[34] Beker T. E., Kernan M. Matching Commitment to Supervisor and Organizations to In-Role and Extra-Role Performance[J]. Human Performance, 2003,1(16):327-348
[35] Chien-Cheng, Chiu S. An Integrative Model Linking Supervisor Support and Organizational Citizenship Behavior[J]. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2008,23(1-2):1-10
[36] Chen Z. X., Tsui A. S., Farh J. L. Loyalty to Supervisor VS. Organizational Commitment:Relationships to Employee Performance in China[J]. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2002,75(3):339-356
[37] Ng T. W. H., Feldman D. C. Affective Organizational Commitment and Citizenship Behavior:Linear and Non-Linear Moderating Effects of Organizational Tenure[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2011,79(2):528-537
[38] Becker T., Billings R., Eveleth D. Foci and Bases of Employee Commitment:Implications for Job Performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996,39(2):464-482
[39] Chen N. Y., Tjosvold D. Guanxi and Leader-Member Relationships between American Managers and Chinese Employees:Open-Minded Dialogue as Mediator[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2007,24(2):171-189
[40] Fei X. T. From the Soil:The Foundations of Chinese Society[M]. New York:University of California Press,1992
[41] Bian Y., Ang S. Guanxi Networks and Job Mobility in China and Singapore[J]. Social Forces, 1997,75(3):981-1005
[42] 杨付,王桢,张丽华.员工职业发展过程中的"边界困境":是机制的原因,还是人的原因?[J]. 管理世界, 2012,(11):89-109
[43] Chen S., A C. Person-organization and Person-supervisor Fits:Employee Commitments in a Chinese Context[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010,32(6):906-926
[44] Y W. Emotional Bonds with Supervisor and Co-Workers:Relationships to Organizational Commitment in China's Foreign-Invested Companies[J]. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2008,19(5):916-930
[45] Prentice H., Anderson R. E. Multivariate Data Analysis[M]. 6 ed. Upper Saddle River NJ:Prentice Hall, 2006
[46] 温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验:拟合指数与卡方准则[J]. 心理学报, 2004,36(2):186-194
[47] Podsakoff P. M., Mackenzie S. B., Lee J. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003,88(5):879-903
[48] 刘明.多重共线性的解决:剔除变量的新标准[J]. 统计与决策, 2013,(5):82-83
[49] 温忠麟,侯杰泰.检验的临界值:真伪差距多大才能辨别?评《不同条件下拟合指数的表现及临界值的选择》[J]. 心理学报, 2008,40(1):119-124
[50] Dawson J. F., Richter A. W. Probing Three-Way Interactions in Moderated Multiple Regression:Development and Application of A Slope Difference Test[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2006,91(4):917-926
[51] Cheung M. F. Y., Wu W., Chan A. K. K., et al. Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi and Employee Work Outcomes:The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2009,88:77-89
[52] 李锐,凌文权,柳士顺.传统价值观、上下属关系与员工沉默行为——一项本土文化情境下的实证探索[J]. 管理世界, 2012,3(1):127-150
[53] 高日光,孙建敏.效忠组织还是效忠主管:哪种效忠对组织更有利[J]. 经济管理, 2009,31(8):69-75
[54] 李胜兰,陈小峰,高日光.仅忠于组织而不忠于主管对组织有益吗?[J]. 当代财经, 2014,(2):79-85
[55] 周明键,宝贡敏.对组织忠诚与对上司忠诚:哪个对我国企业员工影响更大?[J]. 经济管理, 2005,(7):40-42