职场基本心理需求本土化构念与量表开发

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，职场基本心理需求已被广泛应用于西方组织管理领域，成为揭示组织环境对个体行为与绩效影响作用的重要概念。然而由于对其文化普适性的质疑，在我国的应用还较为鲜少。本研究基于中国组织情境，首先通过深度访谈收集资料，运用扎根理论，构建了职场基本心理需求的初始维度与量表；然后通过1162份问卷的定量分析确定了其最终维度构成与测量量表。研究表明，不同于西方职场基本心理需求的关系需求、自主需求与胜任需求的三维一阶因子构成，中国职场基本心理需求由关系需求、自主需求和职业需求三个二阶因子构成。其中，关系需求维度包涵尊重与认可、和谐和公平三个子维度；自主需求体现在工作特征与互动方式两个方面；职业需求由职业安全和职业规划两个子维度构成。本研究成果不仅为今后通过职场基本心理需求的中介机制，揭示我国特定组织环境对员工行为与绩效影响的实证研究奠定了理论基础；更为我国管理者了解员工内心关键心理需求，进而制定相应策略的管理实践提供了理论依据。

关键词: 基本心理需求, 职场基本心理需求, 本土化, 量表开发

Abstract: In recent years, work-related basic psychological need has been widely applied in organizational management field in western countries, which can explain how organization environment affects individual behavior and performance. However, related researches are limited in China because of cultural university issue. Under Chinese organization context, the paper firstly collects data by in-depth interviews and builds preliminary dimensions and develops scale of work-related psychological need on the basis of grounded theory. After that, the paper clarifies the construct dimensions and scale through empirical analysis of 1162 questionnaires. The study demonstrates that work-related basic psychological need in China has three second-order dimensions:relatedness, autonomy and occupation need, while such need in western countries is composed of three one-order dimensions:relatedness, autonomy and competence. To be specific, relatedness consists of esteem, acceptance, harmony and equity; Autonomy contains work characteristics and interaction way; Occupational safety and occupational planning comprise occupation. The conclusion supplies a theoretical foundation for empirical analysis of influence of organizational environment on employees' behavior and performance through mediating mechanism of work-related basic psychological need. In addition, it offers theoretical basis for Chinese managers to understand key psychological needs of employees and accordingly formulate related management strategies.

Key words: work-related basic psychological need, localization, scale development

赵斌, 付正雪. 职场基本心理需求本土化构念与量表开发[J]. , 2017, 29(2): 143-154,190.

Zhao Bin , Fu Zhengxue. Study on Work-related Basic Psychological Need: Local Construct and Scale Development[J]. , 2017, 29(2): 143-154,190.

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