人工智能技术对专精特新企业成长的影响:技术精一与国际化的调节效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人工智能（AI）技术是新质生产力的重要驱动力，成为推动专精特新企业智能化转型和可持续成长的重要力量。基于情境化AI能力理论，本文以2014—2022年A股上市公司中的专精特新企业为样本实证研究了AI技术对企业成长的影响。结果表明：AI技术负向影响专精特新企业成长，但技术精一和国际化可以有效缓解AI技术对企业成长的负向影响。机制分析显示，AI技术在推动惯例重塑时，加大了创新要素投入、引发了战略变革、降低了运营效率，从而不利于专精特新企业成长。异质性检验表明，AI技术对高科技行业、高人均劳动成本、低数字化程度、小企业规模类型的专精特新企业成长具有更大的负向影响。本研究揭示了专精特新企业在AI技术采纳过程中的现实挑战与潜在优势，推动了AI时代专精特新企业成长理论的深化，丰富了情境化AI能力视角下的AI技术采纳研究。

关键词: 专精特新企业, 企业成长, 人工智能技术, 技术精一, 场景多元

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, as an important driving force of new-quality productivity, has become an important force in promoting the intelligent transformation and sustainable growth of specialized, refined, differentiated and innovative (SRDI) firms. Based on situated AI capability theory, this paper empirically studies the impact of AI technology on the growth of enterprises by taking SRDI firms listed in A-share market from 2014 to 2022 as samples. The results show that AI technology negatively affects the current growth of SRDI firms, but technological sophistication and internationalization can effectively alleviate the negative impact of AI technology on the growth of firms. Mechanism analysis reveals that while AI adoption facilitates routine restructuring, it simultaneously increases factor inputs, triggers strategic change, and reduces operational efficiency, thereby hindering firm growth. Heterogeneity tests further show that the negative impact of AI is more pronounced in SRDI firms that are in high-tech industries, have high labor costs per employee, exhibit low levels of digitalization, or are smaller in scale. This study reveals the actual challenges and potential advantages of SRDI firms during their AI technology adoption, promotes the deepening of the growth theory of SRDI firms in the AI era, and enriches the research on AI technology adoption from the perspective of situated AI capability.

Key words: SRDI firms, firm growth, artificial intelligence technology, technological sophistication, scene diversity

吴波, 吴培骏, 邬爱其, 戴妤轩. 人工智能技术对专精特新企业成长的影响:技术精一与国际化的调节效应[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(9): 118-129.

Wu Bo, Wu Peijun, Wu Aiqi, Dai Yuxuan. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology on the Growth of SRDI Firms:The Moderating Effect of Technological Sophistication and Internationalization[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(9): 118-129.

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