新质生产力视阈下数据要素的协同机制与治理创新：综述及展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在新质生产力加速发展的背景下,数据要素已演化为一种战略性资源,逐步成为推动社会经济转型的核心驱动力。尽管数据要素的重要性日益凸显,国内相关研究仍处于起步阶段,整体上缺乏系统性与综合性分析,制约了数据要素潜在价值的有效释放。鉴于此,本文在系统梳理当前数据要素领域研究进展的基础上,归纳总结了现有研究的主要不足,并据此构建了"价值形成-市场配置-系统治理"的三维分析框架。随后,结合我国实际情况与未来发展战略需求,构建数据要素协同开发理论框架,旨在为我国数据要素领域的未来学术研究提供理论支持和路径参考,助力构建更加完善的数据要素市场体系,推动数字经济的持续繁荣与高质量发展。

关键词: 新质生产力, 数据要素, 文献综述, 数字经济

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the accelerated development of new quality productive forces, data elements have evolved into a strategic resource and are gradually becoming a core driving force for socio-economic transformation. Although the importance of data elements is increasingly recognized, relevant domestic research remains in the early stages, with a general lack of systematic and comprehensive analysis, which hinders the effective realization of their potential value. In response to this gap, this paper systematically reviews the current research progress in the field of data elements, summarizes key limitations in existing studies, and proposes a three-dimensional analytical framework of "value formation-market allocation-system governance". Based on this framework, and in consideration of China's practical context and future strategic needs, the paper further develops a theoretical framework for the coordinated development of data elements. The aim is to provide theoretical support and guidance for future academic research in this field, promote the construction of a more mature data elements market system, and facilitate the sustainable prosperity and high-quality development of the digital economy.

Key words: new quality productive forces, data elements, literature review, digital economy

李健, 薄俊鹏, 董雪璠. 新质生产力视阈下数据要素的协同机制与治理创新：综述及展望[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(5): 29-41.

Li Jian, Bo Junpeng, Dong Xuefan. Collaborative Mechanisms and Governance Innovation of Data Elements from the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces: A Research Review and Future Prospects[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(5): 29-41.

参考文献

[1] 史丹,孙光林.数据要素与新质生产力:基于企业全要素生产率视角[J].经济理论与经济管理, 2024,44(4):12-30 Shi D., Sun G. L. Data Elements and New Quality Productive Forces:A Perspective from Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises[J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2024,44(4):12-30
[2] 张兮,石焱文,杜万里,等.基于PMC指数模型的数据要素政策量化评价及优化路径[J].管理评论, 2024,36(12):3-14 Zhang X., Shi Y. W., Du W. L., et al. Quantitative Assessment and Optimization Paths of Data Factor Policies Based on the PMC Index Model[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(12):3-14
[3] 谢康,胡杨颂,刘意,等.数据要素驱动企业高质量数字化转型——索菲亚智能制造纵向案例研究[J].管理评论, 2023,35(2):328-339 Xie K., Hu Y. S., Liu Y., et al. Data Factor Driven High-quality Digital Transformation of Enterprise-A Longitudinal Case Study of Sogal's Intelligent Manufacturing[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(2):328-339
[4] 乔晗,李卓伦.数据要素市场化配置效率评价研究[J].中国科学院院刊, 2022,37(10):1444-1456 Qiao H., Li Z. L. Research on Market Allocation Efficiency of Data Elements[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022,37(10):1444-1456
[5] 张明,路先锋,吴雨桐.数据要素经济学:特征、确权、定价与交易[J].经济学家, 2024,(4):35-44 Zhang M., Lu X. F., Wu Y. T. Data Factor Economics:Characteristics, Right Confirmation, Pricing and Transaction[J]. Economist, 2024,(4):35-44
[6] 蔡继明,刘媛,高宏,等.数据要素参与价值创造的途径——基于广义价值论的一般均衡分析[J].管理世界, 2022,38(7):108-121 Cai J. M., Liu Y., Gao H., et al. The Approach of Data Factor Participating in Value Creation:A General Equilibrium Analysis Based on the General Theory of Value[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022,38(7):108-119
[7] 王艳,杨达.中国式管理会计体系变革:从数据要素到数据资产[J].管理世界, 2024,40(10):171-189 Wang Y., Yang D. China's Unique Path to Management Accounting System Change:Transforming Data Elements into Data Assets[J]. Journal of Management World, 2024,40(10):171-189
[8] 黄丽华,郭梦珂,邵志清,等.关于构建全国统一的数据资产登记体系的思考[J].中国科学院院刊, 2022,37(10):1426-1434 Huang L. H., Guo M. K., Shao Z. Q., et al. Thoughts on National Unified Data Asset Registration System[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022,37(10):1426-1434
[9] 周汉华.数据确权的误区[J].法学研究, 2023,45(2):3-20 Zhou H. H. Misconceptions about the Confirmation of Data Rights[J]. Chinese Journal of Law, 2023,45(2):3-20
[10] 胡正卿,孙湛,黄倩倩,等.数据资产可以证券化吗?——四种可行模式的运行机制和主要特点探讨[J].管理评论, 2024,36(12):37-46 Hu Z. Q., Sun Z., Huang Q. Q., et al. Can Data Assets Be Securitized-Discussion on Four Feasible Modes[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(12):37-46
[11] 李原,刘洋,李宝瑜.数据资产核算若干理论问题辨析[J].统计研究, 2022,39(9):19-28 Li Y., Liu Y., Li B. Y. Analysis of Some Theoretical Problems on National Data Assets Accounting[J]. Statistical Research, 2022,39(9):19-28
[12] 许宪春,张钟文,胡亚茹.数据资产统计与核算问题研究[J].管理世界, 2022,38(2):16-30 Xu X. C., Zhang Z. W., Hu Y. R. Research on Deriving Measures of Data Assets in National Accounts[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022,38(2):16-30
[13] 马克卫,王硕,苑杰.数据资产核算应用研究:理论与实践[J].中南财经政法大学学报, 2023,(5):149-160 Ma K. W., Wang S., Yuan J. On Data Asset Accounting Application:Theory and Practice[J]. Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, 2023,(5):149-160
[14] 雷小乔,张芳.基于收益现值法的数据资产估价问题研究[J].统计与信息论坛, 2023,38(5):3-13 Lei X. Q., Zhang F. Research on the Valuation of Data Assets Using Present Value of Future Returns[J]. Journal of Statistics and Information, 2023,38(5):3-13
[15] 林娟娟,黄志刚,唐勇.数据质量、数量与数据资产定价:基于消费者异质性视角[J].中国管理科学, 2025,33(5):88-98 Lin J. J., Huang Z. G., Tang Y. Data Quality, Quantity and Data Asset Pricing:Based on the Perspective of Consumer Heterogeneity[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025,33(5):88-98
[16] 陈丽莉,张若琪,戎珂.数据要素赋能企业创新:基于内外部资源视角[J].管理评论, 2024,36(12):15-25 Chen L. L., Zhang R. Q., Rong K. Data Elements Empower Enterprise Innovation:From the Perspective of Internal and External Resources[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(12):15-25
[17] 徐涛,尤建新,曾彩霞,等.企业数据资产化实践探索与理论模型构建[J].外国经济与管理, 2022,44(6):3-17 Xu T., You J. X., Zeng C. X., et al. Practical Exploration and Theoretical Modeling of Enterprise Data Assetization[J]. Foreign Economics&Management, 2022,44(6):3-17
[18] 易明,冯翠翠,莫富传,等.政府数据资产的价值发现:概念模型和实施路径[J].电子政务, 2022,(1):27-39 Yi M., Feng C. C., Mo F. C., et al. Value Discovery of Government Data Assets:Conceptual Model and Implementation Path[J]. E-Government, 2022,(1):27-39
[19] 夏义堃,管茜.政府数据资产管理的内涵、要素框架与运行模式[J].电子政务, 2022,(1):2-13 Xia Y. K., Guan Q. The Connotation, Element Framework and Operation Mode of Government Data Asset Management[J]. E-Government, 2022,(1):2-13
[20] 黄丽华,杜万里,吴蔽余.基于数据要素流通价值链的数据产权结构性分置[J].大数据, 2023,9(2):5-15 Huang L. H., Du W. L., Wu B. Y. Structural Separation of Data Property Rights Based on Data Factor Circulation Value Chain[J]. Big Data Research, 2023,9(2):5-15
[21] 王利明.数据何以确权[J].法学研究, 2023,45(4):56-73 Wang L. M. Confirmation of Data Rights:Why and How[J]. Chinese Journal of Law, 2023,45(4):56-73
[22] 申卫星.数据确权之辩[J].比较法研究, 2023,(3):1-13 Shen W. X. The Debate over Data Ownership[J]. Journal of Comparative Law, 2023,(3):1-13
[23] 戎珂,刘涛雄,周迪,等.数据要素市场的分级授权机制研究[J].管理工程学报, 2022,36(6):15-29 Rong K., Liu T. X., Zhou D., et al. Hierarchical Data Licensing Mechanisms in the Data Market[J]. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2022,36(6):15-29
[24] 康宁.数据确权的技术路径、模式选择与规范建构[J].清华法学, 2023,17(3):158-173 Kang N. Data Rights Confirmation:Technological Approach, Model Seleciton, and Normative Construction[J]. Tsinghua University Law Journal, 2023,17(3):158-173
[25] 李三希,王泰茗,刘小鲁.数据投资、数据共享与数据产权分配[J].经济研究, 2023,58(7):139-155 Li S. X., Wang T. M., Liu X. L. Data Investment, Data Sharing and Data Ownership Allocation[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2023,58(7):139-155
[26] 刘涛雄,李若菲,戎珂.基于生成场景的数据确权理论与分级授权[J].管理世界, 2023,39(2):22-39 Liu T. X., Li R. F., Rong K. The Theory of Data Rights and the Hierarchical Authorization Based on Data Generation Scenarios[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023,39(2):22-39
[27] 申卫星.论数据产权制度的层级性:"三三制"数据确权法[J].中国法学, 2023,(4):26-48 Shen W. X. On the Hierarchy of Data Property Right System:Trichotomy on Data Right Identification[J]. China Legal Science, 2023,(4):26-48
[28] 李国昊,梁永滔,苏佳璐.数据确权背景下电商平台大数据"杀熟"治理分析[J].运筹与管理, 2023,32(11):227-232 Li G. H., Liang Y. T., Su J. L. Analysis of Governance of E-commerce Platform's Big Data Price Discrimination under the Data Rights Confirmation[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2023,32(11):227-232
[29] 包晓丽.二阶序列式数据确权规则[J].清华法学, 2022,16(3):60-75 Bao X. L. The Ownership Affirmation Rule of Second Order Sequential Data[J]. Tsinghua University Law Journal, 2022,16(3):60-75
[30] 刘方,吕云龙.健全我国数据产权制度的政策建议[J].当代经济管理, 2022,44(7):24-30 Liu F., Lv Y. L. Suggestions on Improving Data Property Right System in China[J]. Contemporary Economic Management, 2022,44(7):24-30
[31] 武西锋.揭开数据确权的迷纱:关键议题与实践策略——兼评当前数据确权的理论争议焦点[J].当代经济管理, 2023,45(12):46-55 Wu X. F. Unveiling the Myths of Data Rights Confirmation-Key Issues and Practical Strategies by Commenting on the Current Theory Controversies[J]. Contemporary Economic Management, 2023,45(12):46-55
[32] 黄丽华,窦一凡,郭梦珂,等.数据流通市场中数据产品的特性及其交易模式[J].大数据, 2022,8(3):3-14 Huang L. H., Dou Y. F., Guo M. K., et al. Features and Transaction Modes of Data Products in Data Markets[J]. Big Data Research, 2022,8(3):3-14
[33] 刘业政,宗兰芳,周芦娟,等.数据要素流通交易的可信指标及测度方法[J].管理评论, 2024,36(12):26-36 Liu Y. Z., Zong L. F., Zhou L. J., et al. Trustworthy Indicators and Measurement Methods for the Circulation and Trading of Data Elements[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(12):26-36
[34] 刘业政,宗兰芳,杨祖艳,等.数据要素可信流通交易的研究框架与展望[J].南开管理评论, 2025,28(4):158-170 Liu Y. Z., Zong L. F., Yang Z. Y., et al. The Research Framework and Prospect of Trustworthy Circulation and Transaction of Data Elements[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2025,28(4):158-170
[35] Eichler R., Gr ger C., Hoos E., et al. Introducing the Enterprise Data Marketplace:A Platform for Democratizing Company Data[J]. Journal of Big Data, 2023,10(1):173
[36] 刘源,喻迎,陈宏民.数据产品开发的激励机制研究:道德风险理论视角[J].管理评论, 2024,36(6):19-29 Liu Y., Yu Y., Chen H. M. Research on the Incentive Mechanisms of Data Product Development:A Perspective on Moral Hazard[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(6):19-29
[37] 刘金钊,汪寿阳.数据要素市场化配置的困境与对策探究[J].中国科学院院刊, 2022,37(10):1435-1444 Liu J. Z., Wang S. Y. Dilemmas and Suggestions on Market-based Data Allocation[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022,37(10):1435-1444
[38] 乔晗,李卓伦,黄朝椿.数据要素市场化建设的影响因素与提升路径——基于复杂经济系统管理视角的组态效应分析[J].外国经济与管理, 2023,45(1):38-54 Qiao H., Li Z. L., Huang C. C. Influencing Factors and Accelerating Paths of Data Element Marketization:Analysis of Configuration Effect from the Perspective of Complex Economic System Management[J]. Foreign Economics&Management, 2023,45(1):38-54
[39] 袁健,段巍.数据交易、专业化人工智能与经济增长[J].管理评论, 2024,36(6):3-18 Yuan J., Duan W. Data Trading, Vertical Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(6):3-18
[40] 王青兰,王喆.数据交易动态合规:理论框架、范式创新与实践探索[J].改革, 2023,(8):42-53 Wang Q. L., Wang Z. Dynamic Compliance in Data Exchange:Theoretical Framework, Paradigm Innovation, and Practical Exploration[J]. Reform, 2023,(8):42-53
[41] 王衍之,黄静思,王剑晓,等.数据要素流通与收益分配机制研究:以风电场景融合气象数据为例[J].管理评论, 2024,36(6):30-41 Wang Y. Z., Huang J. S., Wang J. X., et al. Research on the Circulation and Revenue Sharing Mechanisms of Data Elements:An Example of Integrating Meteorological Data in Wind Power Scenarios[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(6):30-41
[42] Li C. L., Liang S. Y., Zhang J., et al. Blockchain-based Data Trading in Edge-cloud Computing Environment[J]. Information Processing&Management, 2022,59(1):102786
[43] 吴蔽余,黄丽华.数据定价的双重维度:从产品价格到资产价值[J].价格理论与实践, 2023,(7):70-75 Wu B. Y., Huang L. H. The Dual Dimension of Data Pricing:From Product Price to Asset Value[J]. Price:Theory&Practice, 2023,(7):70-75
[44] 程华,武玙璠,李三希.数据交易与数据垄断:基于个性化定价视角[J].世界经济, 2023,46(3):154-178 Cheng H., Wu Y. F., Li S. X. Data Transaction and Data Monopoly:A Study Based on the Perspective of Personalised Pricing[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2023,46(3):154-178
[45] 欧阳日辉,杜青青.数据要素定价机制研究进展[J].经济学动态, 2022,(2):124-141 Ouyang R. H., Du Q. Q. Research Progress on the Pricing Mechanisms of Data[J]. Economic Perspectives, 2022,(2):124-141
[46] 欧阳日辉,龚伟.基于价值和市场评价贡献的数据要素定价机制[J].改革, 2022,(3):39-54 Ouyang R. H., Gong W. The Pricing Mechanism of Data Elements Based on Data Element Value and the Contribution of Market Assessment[J]. Reform, 2022,(3):39-54
[47] 王今朝,窦一凡,黄丽华,等.数据产品交易的定价研究:进展评述与方法比较[J].价格理论与实践, 2023,(4):22-27 Wang J. Z., Dou Y. F., Huang L. H., et al. Data Product Pricing:A Review of Research Progress and Comparison of Pricing Methods[J]. Price:Theory&Practice, 2023,(4):22-27
[48] Acemoglu D., Makhdoumi A., Malekian A., et al. Too Much Data:Prices and Inefficiencies in Data Markets[J]. American Economic Journal:Microeconomics, 2022,14(4):218-256
[49] Zhang X., Yue W. T., Zhang R., et al. Blessing or Curse?Implications of Data Brokers for Publisher Competition[J]. Information Systems Research, 2025,36(1):261-284
[50] Zhang X., Cheng L. H., Yu Y. G., et al. To Partner or Not to Partner?The Partnership between Platforms and Data Brokers in Two-sided Markets[J]. Information Systems Research, 2025,36(3):1437-1460
[51] 郭鑫鑫,李倩茹,王海燕,等.需求信息不对称下数据交易拍卖定价机制研究[J].运筹与管理, 2023,32(11):170-175 Guo X. X., Li Q. R., Wang H. Y., et al. Auction Pricing Mechanism of Data Transactions under Demand Information Asymmetry[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2023,32(11):170-175
[52] 王今朝,张潇扬,窦一凡,等.数据要素的类别与定价:基于经济模型分析[J].管理评论, 2024,36(7):3-11 Wang J. Z., Zhang X. Y., Dou Y. F., et al. Categorization and Pricing of Data as a Factor of Production:An Economic Model Approach[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(7):3-11
[53] 陈晓佳,徐玮.数据要素、交通基础设施与产业结构升级——基于量化空间一般均衡模型分析[J].管理世界, 2024,40(4):78-98 Chen X. J., Xu W. Data Factor, Transportation Infrastructure and Industrial Structure Upgrade:An Analysis Based on Quantitative Spatial General Equilibrium Model[J]. Journal of Management World, 2024,40(4):78-98
[54] 丁晓东.数据交易如何破局——数据要素市场中的阿罗信息悖论与法律应对[J].东方法学, 2022,(2):144-158 Ding X. D. Breaking the Deadlock of Data Trading[J]. Oriental Law, 2022,(2):144-158
[55] 彭辉.数据交易的困境与纾解:基于不完全契约性视角[J].比较法研究, 2023,(2):172-185 Peng H. The Dilemma in Data Transactions and the Resolution:A Perspective from Incomplete Contract[J]. Journal of Comparative Law, 2023,(2):172-185
[56] 梅夏英.数据交易的法律范畴界定与实现路径[J].比较法研究, 2022,(6):13-27 Mei X. Y. Defining the Legal Scope of and Clearing the Path for Data Trading[J]. Journal of Comparative Law, 2022,(6):13-27
[57] 方凯.论政府数据开放情境下数据交易行为的法律性质[J].中国法律评论, 2022,(6):206-214 Fang K. On the Legal Nature of Data Transaction in the Context of Government Data Opening[J]. China Law Review, 2022,(6):206-214
[58] 温越,吕本富,张馨元,等.数据交易基础设施建设中政府规制与企业协同的博弈研究[J].管理评论, 2024,36(6):42-53 Wen Y., Lv B. F., Zhang X. Y., et al. A Game Study of Government Regulation and Corporate Synergy in the Construction of Data Transaction Infrastructure[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(6):42-53
[59] 宋炜,曹文静,周勇.数据要素赋能、研发决策与创新绩效——来自中国工业的经验证据[J].管理评论, 2023,35(7):112-121 Song W., Cao W. J., Zhou Y. Data Element Empowerment,R&D Decision and Innovation Performance-Empirical Evidence from China Industry[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(7):112-121
[60] 刘征驰,陈文武,魏思超.数据要素利用、智能技术进步与内生增长[J].管理评论, 2023,35(10):10-21 Liu Z. C., Chen W. W., Wei S. C. Data Factor Utilization, Intelligence Technology Progress and Endogenous Growth[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(10):10-21
[61] 范昊,郑小川,热孜亚·艾海提.我国科研数据开放共享政策供需匹配研究[J].信息资源管理学报, 2023,13(6):156-165 Fan H., Zheng X. C., Aihaiti R. Z. Y. Research on the Match between Chinese Research Data Open Sharing Policy Supply and User Demand[J]. Journal of Information Resources Management, 2023,13(6):156-165
[62] 张强,叶阿勇,叶帼华,等.最优聚类的k-匿名数据隐私保护机制[J].计算机研究与发展, 2022,59(7):1625-1635 Zhang Q., Ye A. Y., Ye G. H., et al. K-Anonymous Data Privacy Protection Mechanism Based on Optimal Clustering[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2022,59(7):1625-1635
[63] 裴浪涛,陈学斌,任志强,等.面向多源数据的个性化联邦学习框架[J].计算机工程与应用, 2024,60(19):278-287 Pei L. T., Chen X. B., Ren Z. Q., et al. Personalized Federal Learning Framework for Multi-source Data[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2024,60(19):278-287
[64] 尹海员.数字经济中的消费者数据隐私保护——基于数据伦理和数据所有权视角的探究[J].经济学家, 2023,(4):79-87 Yin H. Y. Consumer Data Privacy Protection in the Digital Economy-Research Based on Data Ethics and Data Ownership[J]. Economist, 2023,(4):79-87
[65] 张矿伟,王桂梅,俞立平.数据要素、市场一体化与高技术产业创新[J/OL].系统工程理论与实践, 2025:1-21. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=XTLL20250106002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ Zhang K. W., Wang G. M., Yu L. P. Data Elements, Market Integration and Innovation in High-Tech Industries[J/OL]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2025:1-21. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=XTLL20250106002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ
[66] 冯洋,朱磊磊.大数据监管权的法律限制[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2023,43(5):161-171 Feng Y., Zhu L. L. Legal Restrictions on Big-Data Supervisory Power[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2023,43(5):161-171
[67] 钟燕慧,王一栋.欧盟数据监管立法及其全球影响[J].国际经济评论, 2024,(1):146-173 Zhong Y. H., Wang Y. D. European Data Regulation and Global Implications[J]. International Economic Review, 2024,(1):146-173
[68] 李金,徐姗,卓子寒,等.数据跨境流转的风险测度与分析——基于数据出境统计信息的实证研究[J].管理世界, 2023,39(7):180-201 Li J., Xu S., Zhuo Z. H., et al. Risk Measurement and Analysis for Cross-Border Data Flow:An Empirical Study Based on Statistics of Outbound Data[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023,39(7):180-201
[69] 陈思,马其家.数据跨境流动监管协调的中国路径[J].中国流通经济, 2022,36(9):116-126 Chen S., Ma Q. J. China's Path to Regulatory Harmonization of Cross-Border Data Flows[J]. China Business and Market, 2022,36(9):116-126
[70] 潘大鹏,郝亚杰,乔朋华,等.数据跨境流转风险分类监管策略研究[J].管理评论, 2024,36(7):43-53 Pan D. P., Hao Y. J., Qiao P. H., et al. Research on Risk Classification Supervision Strategy of Cross-border Data Flow[J]. Management Review, 2024,36(7):43-53