基层公务员职场人际关系异质性对工作幸福感的影响机理研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在中国情境下，基层公务员纵向的上下级关系和横向的同事关系是其客观面临且需融洽处理的职场人际关系，也在一定程度上决定了其工作幸福感的水平。但是，学界鲜有对基层公务员职场人际关系异质性影响其工作幸福感作用机制的深入探讨。本研究结合自我决定理论建构了基层公务员职场人际关系异质性对工作幸福感产生影响的理论假设和解释模型，并通过1073份有效样本进行了实证分析。研究发现：①上下级关系和同事关系对基层公务员工作幸福感的正向影响具有显著的异质性，同事关系对工作幸福感的影响更大；②上下级关系和同事关系对基层公务员工作幸福感驱动因素（职业使命感和工作绩效）的正向影响具有显著异质性，同事关系对职业使命感和工作绩效的影响更大；③上下级关系和同事关系对工作幸福感驱动机制的交互影响具有显著异质性：上下级关系在职业使命感对工作绩效的影响中发挥更大作用，同事关系在工作绩效对工作幸福感的影响中发挥更大作用，当上下级关系和同事关系均处于高水平时，工作绩效在职业使命感与工作幸福感之间的中介作用更显著。

关键词: 上下级关系, 同事关系, 工作幸福感, 基层公务员, 自我决定理论

Abstract: In the Chinese context, vertical supervisor-subordinate relationships and horizontal coworker relationships of grassroots civil servants are important interpersonal relationships that they have to handle in their work. To a certain extent, these two interpersonal relationships of grassroots civil servants determine their work well-being. However, there is limited research on how the heterogeneity of supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships of grassroots civil servants affects their work well-being. Based on the self-determination theory, this study constructs a theoretical hypothesis and explanatory model for the impact of heterogeneity of the supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships on work well-being, and conducts an empirical analysis on a sample of 1,073 grassroots civil servants. The results show that: (1) Both supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships have a positive impact on work well-being, but the effect is significantly heterogeneous. The coworker relationships have a greater impact on job happiness than the supervisor-subordinate relationships. (2) Both supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships have a positive impact on the driving factors of work well-being (career calling and job performance) of grassroots civil servants. The coworker relationships have a greater impact on the driving factors (career calling and job performance) of work well-being than the supervisor-subordinate relationships. (3) The interactive influence of supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships on the driving mechanism of work well-being are significantly heterogeneous. The supervisor-subordinate relationships play a bigger role than coworker relationships in boosting the positive impact of career calling on work performance. The coworker relationships play a bigger role than the supervisor-subordinate relationships in boosting the positive impact of job performance on work well-being. When both supervisor-subordinate and coworker relationships are at high levels, job performance significantly mediates the relationship between career calling and work well-being.

Key words: supervisor-subordinate relationships, coworker relationships, work well-being, grassroots civil servants, self-determination theory

李辉, 李宇晨. 基层公务员职场人际关系异质性对工作幸福感的影响机理研究[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(3): 147-157.

Li Hui, Li Yuchen. Study on the Influence of Heterogeneity of Workplace Interpersonal Relationships on Grassroots Civil Servants' Work Well-being[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(3): 147-157.

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