悖论中的抉择：如何突破惯例复制困境实现创新催化？

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 惯例复制逐渐成为创新网络中企业间创新协同的关键，然而,后发企业针对领先企业惯例模板模仿的简单“拿来主义”，必然会诱发“水土不服”的复制困境。为了破解这一问题，基于悖论管理视角，本文选取四家企业进行多案例比较，探究惯例复制过程中的悖论性抉择及创新催化的实现路径。研究发现，为了实现技术创新网络组织间的创新催化，通常采用常规与柔性两种惯例复制，其战略响应存在着较大的差异性；惯例复制过程具有差异化的自中心网络选择偏好，封闭式专业化是常规惯例复制的最优网络构型，开放式多样化是柔性惯例复制的最优网络构型。结构洞生成与填充、体验与替代式学习实现了网络构型的动态优化，放大了自中心网络最优构型的惯例复制效能，推动了非最优构型向最优构型的转换；联合依赖与选择拼凑的匹配是常规惯例复制的网络行为表现，非对称依赖与并行拼凑的匹配是柔性惯例复制的网络行为表现，两种匹配为实现创新催化提供了差异化的路径。研究结论对于中国后发企业的创新追赶、生态系统的构建具有一定的理论与实践意义。

关键词: 创新催化, 复制困境, 惯例复制, 悖论管理, 案例研究

Abstract: The routines replication has gradually become a key part of collaborative innovation in technological innovation network. However, latecomers that simply adopt the routine template of leading enterprises will inevitably fall into the replication dilemma. In order to solve this replication dilemma, this paper selects four enterprises to conduct a multi-case comparison research based on the paradox management theory, and explores the paradoxical choices in the process of routines replication and innovation catalysts. The research finds that: in order to realize the value co-creation among the organizations of technological innovation network, the conventional routines replication and flexible routines replication are usually used for value-added adjustment, and their strategic responses are quite different. The routines replication has different ego-network selection preference, closed-specialization network is the optimal network configuration for conventional routines replication, and open-diverse network is the optimal network configuration for flexible routines replication. The generations of structural holes, closing of structural holes, experiential learning and vicarious learning create the dynamic matching with network configurations, which amplify the effect of the optimal configurations of closed-specialization network and open-diverse network, and transform closed-diverse and open-specialization networks to the optimal ego-network configurations. The matching of joint dependence and selective bricolage are the network behavior of conventional routines replication, the matching of asymmetric dependence and parallel bricolage are the network behavior of flexible routines replication. They provide two different paths to realize the innovation catalysts in innovation ecosystem. The conclusion has important theoretical and practical significance for the latecomers to catch-up and construct the innovation ecosystem in China.

Key words: innovation catalysts, replication dilemma, routines replication, paradox management, case study

魏龙, 党兴华, 闫海, 李礼旭. 悖论中的抉择：如何突破惯例复制困境实现创新催化？[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(2): 275-288.

Wei Long, Dang Xinghua, Yan Hai, Li Lixu. Choice in Paradox: How to Break through the Routines Replication Dilemma to Achieve Innovation Catalysts?[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(2): 275-288.

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