路径演化视角下学术创业过程、特征和关键难点探索——以中国科学技术大学量子团队为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科研成果转化是多年来一直困扰政府、研究机构和大学的难题，学术创业是其重要路径。我国学术创业成功率一直较低，其演化路径和关键难点在理论上尚缺乏清晰认知，实践中有大量企业在艰难探索。为此，本研究基于路径演化视角，采用嵌入式纵向单案例研究，以中国科学技术大学量子团队为对象进行了探索性研究。研究发现：（1）基于基础科学研究的学术创业过程可划分为基础科学研究、应用基础研究、应用技术开发、中间性试验和商业化五个阶段，呈阶梯式发展，且相互之间存在互动，每个阶段对应不同核心特征；（2）学术创业五阶段依次存在科研经费不足、研发设备短缺、国际技术标准锁定困难、应用场景挖掘不足、高管团队知识异质性较低五大关键难点。本研究在理论层面补充了学术创业研究，为高校、学术型企业家、学术衍生企业和政府等利益相关者提供理论启示。

关键词: 学术创业, 技术创新, 路径演化, 创业过程

Abstract: The transformation of scientific research achievements has long been a challenge for governments, research institutions, and universities, with academic entrepreneurship serving as a critical pathway. In China, the success rate of academic entrepreneurship has consistently remained low, and its evolutionary path and key challenges are not well understood theoretically, while in practice, many enterprises are still struggling in their explorations. Thus, from a path evolution perspective, this research employs an embedded longitudinal single-case study to conduct exploratory research on the quantum team at the University of Science and Technology of China. The results indicate that: (1) The academic entrepreneurship process based on basic scientific research can be divided into five stages: basic science research, applied basic research, applied technology development, intermediate experimentation, and commercialization. These stages exhibit a stepwise progression and interaction, with each stage corresponding to distinct core characteristics; (2) The five stages of the academic entrepreneurship process correspond to five key challenges: insufficient research funding, shortage of R&D equipment, difficulty in securing international technology standards, inadequate exploration of application scenarios, and low knowledge heterogeneity within the executive team. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of academic entrepreneurship and offers insights for stakeholders, including universities, academic entrepreneurs, academic spin-offs, and governments.

Key words: academic entrepreneurship, technological innovation, path evolution, entrepreneurial process

刘志迎, 张晓凤, 邵云飞. 路径演化视角下学术创业过程、特征和关键难点探索——以中国科学技术大学量子团队为例[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(12): 263-274.

Liu Zhiying, Zhang Xiaofeng, Shao Yunfei. Exploring the Process, Characteristics and Key Difficulties of Academic Entrepreneurship from the Perspective of Path Evolution—Taking the Quantum Team of USTC as an Example[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(12): 263-274.

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