企业履行员工社会责任与创新绩效——机制与证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文聚焦企业履行对内部利益相关者即员工社会责任的视角，探讨企业履行员工社会责任对创新绩效的影响。使用2007—2019年中国上市公司数据的实证研究表明：企业履行员工社会责任对企业创新绩效的影响是正向且显著的，企业履行员工社会责任通过员工稳定性、劳动生产率、技术部门员工占比和高学历员工占比提升企业创新绩效，且该效应存在较为明显的企业间差异。加入工具变量的两阶段模型、替换解释变量、基于PSM-DID模型、安慰剂检验和多期DID模型检验验证了结论的稳健性，研究对于推动企业履行员工社会责任以提高企业的创新绩效具有启示意义。

关键词: 员工社会责任, 创新绩效, 专利, 研发强度

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of employees’ social responsibility (ESR) on firm innovation using financial data from Chinese listed companies spanning from 2007 to 2019. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between ESR and innovation, as evidenced by an increase in patent authorizations and enhanced labor productivity. Particularly noteworthy is the pronounced effect observed in non-state-owned, high-tech, and well-established firms, with considerable benefits also observed in central urban companies. The robustness of the findings is confirmed through various analytical methods, including Instrumental Variables and Propensity Score Matching. This research highlights the pivotal role of ESR in fostering innovation within firms and suggests avenues for future exploration, particularly regarding ESR’s influence on the efficiency of innovation processes.

Key words: employee social responsibility, innovation performance, patent, R&D intensity

郑莉莉. 企业履行员工社会责任与创新绩效——机制与证据[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(11): 84-97,109.

Zheng Lili. Employees' Social Responsibility and Innovation Performance—Mechanism and Evidence[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(11): 84-97,109.

参考文献

[1] Crane A., Matten D., Spence L. J. Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context[M]. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019
[2] McWilliams A., Siegel D. S. Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Financial Performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(5):602-609
[3] Elkington J. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st-Century Business[M]. United Kingdom: Capstone, 1997
[4] 陈效东. 谁才是企业创新的真正主体:高管人员还是核心员工[J]. 财贸经济, 2017,(12):128-144 Chen X. D. Who Is the Real Innovator: Executive or Core Employee? —Evidence from the Relationship between Human Capital Incentive System and Firm Innovation[J]. Finance & Trade Economics, 2017,(12):128-144
[5] Waldman D. A., Luque M. S., Washburn N., et al. Cultural and Leadership Predictors of Corporate Social Responsibility Values of Top Management: A GLOBE Study of 15 Countries[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2006,37(6):823-837
[6] Brammer S., Millington A., Rayton B. The Contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility to Organization Commitment[J]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2007,18(10):1701-1719
[7] Maignan I., Ferrell O. Antecedents and Benefits of Corporate Citizenship: An Investigation of French Businesses[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2001,51(1):37-51
[8] Klein J., Dawar N. Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers’ Attributions and Brand Evaluations in a Product-harm Crisis[J]. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 2004,21(3):203-217
[9] VanBuren H. J. An Employee-centered Model of Corporate Social Performance[J]. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2005,15(4):687-709
[10] Moorman R. Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship?[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991,76(6):845-855
[11] Colquitt J. A., Conlon D. E., Wesson M. J., et al. Justice at the Millennium: A Meta-analytic Review of 25 Years of Organizational Justice Research[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001,86（3）:425-445
[12] Herzberg F. One More Time: How do You Motivate Employees?[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1968,46(1):53-62
[13] Orlitzky M., Schmidt F. L., Rynes S. L. Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-analysis[J]. Organization Studies, 2003,24(3):403-441
[14] Branco M. C., Rodrigues L. L. Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource-Based Perspectives[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2006,69:111-132
[15] Lo C., Egri C. P., Ralston D. A. Commitment to Corporate, Social, and Environmental Responsibilities: An Insight into Contrasting Perspectives in China and the US[J]. Organisation Management Journal, 2008,5:83-98
[16] Tajfel H., Turner J. C. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict[M] //Postmes T.， Branscombe N. R. (Eds.) Rediscovering Social Identity. Monterey: Psychology Press, 2010
[17] Konovsky M. A., Pugh S. D. Citizenship Behavior and Social Exchange[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1994,37(3):656-669
[18] Masterson S. S., Lewis K., Goldman B. M., et al. Integrating Justice and Social Exchange: The Differing Effects of Fair Procedures and Treatment on Work Relationships[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(4):738-748
[19] Tyler T. R., Degoey P. Collective Restraint in Social Dilemmas: Procedural Justice and Social Identification Effects on Support for Authorities[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995,69(3):482-497
[20] Agnieszka P., Lukas S., Günter W. M., Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Innovative Behaviors: A Meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023,393(20):136189
[21] Gond J. P., El Akremi A., Swaen V., et al. The Psychological Microfoundations of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Person-Centric Systematic Review[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2017,38(2):225-246
[22] Bhattacharya C. B., Korschun D., Sen S. Strengthening Stakeholder-Company Relationships through Mutually Beneficial Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2008,85(S2):257-272
[23] Kim H. R., Lee M., Lee H. T., et al. Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee-Company Identification[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2017,104(3):297-312
[24] Majumdar S. K., Marcus A. A. Rules Versus Discretion: The Productivity Consequences of Flexible Regulation[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2001,44(1):170-179
[25] Turban D. B., Greening D. W. Corporate Social Performance and Organisational Attractiveness to Prospective Employees[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1997,40(3):658-672
[26] Aguilera R. V., Rupp D. E., Williams C. A., Ganapathi J. Putting the S Back in Corporate Social Responsibility: A Multilevel Theory of Social Change in Organizations[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007,32(3):836-863
[27] Backhaus K. B., Stone B. A., Heine K. Exploring the Relationship between Corporate Social Performance and Employer Attractiveness[J]. Business and Society, 2002,41(3):292-318
[28] 王珏,祝继高. 劳动保护能促进企业高学历员工的创新吗？——基于Ａ股上市公司的实证研究[J] ．管理世界, 2018,(3):139-152 Wang J., Zhu J. G. Can Labor Protection Promote the High-educated Employee’s Innovation?[J]. Journal of Management World, 2018,(3):139-152
[29] 雷雪,贾明,张喆. 实际控制人的政治、经济激励对企业社会责任报告的影响[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(8):256-270 Lei X., Jia M., Zhang Z. The Effect of Ultimate Controlling Owners’ Political and Economic Incentives on Corporate Social Responsibility Report[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(8):256-270
[30] 刘柏,卢家锐. “顺应潮流”还是“投机取巧”:企业社会责任的传染机制研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2018,21(4):182-194 Liu B., Lu J. R. Follow the Trend or the Opportunism: A Study on the Contagion Mechanism of Corporate Social Responsibility[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2018,21(4):182-194
[31] 龙小宁,林志帆. 中国制造业企业的研发创新:基本事实、常见误区与合适计量方法讨论[J]. 中国经济问题, 2018,(2):114-135 Long X. N., Lin Z. F. R&D and Innovations of Chinese Manufacturing Firms: Basic Facts, Common Misunderstandings, and Discussions on the Appropriate Choice of Econometric Methods[J]. China Economic Studies, 2018,(2):114-135
[32] Luo X., Du S. Exploring the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Innovation[J]. Marketing Letters, 2015,26(4):703-714
[33] 王永海,郝晓敏. 经济政策不确定性与企业社会责任[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(2):18-32 Wang Y. H.， Hao X. M. Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Social Responsibility[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(2):18-32
[34] 魏下海,董志强,黄玖立. 工会是否改善劳动收入份额?——理论分析与来自中国民营企业的经验证据[J]. 经济研究, 2013,48(8):16-28 Wei X. H., Dong Z. Q., Huang J. L. Does Labor Union Improve Labor Share? Theoretical Analysis and Evidence from Private Firms in China[J]. Economic Research, 2013,48(8):16-28
[35] 童锦治,刘诗源,林志帆. 财政补贴、生命周期和企业研发创新[J]. 财政研究, 2018,(4):33-47 Tong J. Z., Liu S. Y., Lin Z. F. Government Subsidy, Firm Life Cycle and Innovations[J]. Public Finance Research, 2018,(4):33-47
[36] 刘诗源,林志帆,冷志鹏. 税收激励提高企业创新水平了吗?——基于企业生命周期理论的检验[J]. 经济研究, 2020,55(6):105-121 Liu S. Y., Lin Z. F., Leng Z. P. Whether Tax Incentives Stimulate Corporate Innovation: Empirical Evidence Based on Corporate Life Cycle Theory[J]. Economic Research, 2020,55(6):105-121
[37] Maccini S., Yang D. Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-life Rainfall[J]. American Economic Review, 2009,99(3):1006-1026
[38] Hull C. E., Rothenberg S. Firm Performance: The Interactions of Corporate Social Performance with Innovation and Industry Differentiation[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2008,29（7）:781-789
[39] 程晨,李宛蓉,袁媛. 家族企业的文化传承:起源对社会责任履行的影响研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(11):233-245 Cheng C., Li W. R., Yuan Y. The Origin of Family Firms and Corporate Social Responsibility[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(11):233-245
[40] Dyck A., Lins K. V., Roth L. Do Institutional Investors Drive Corporate Social Responsibility? International Evidence[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2019,131(3):693-714
[41] Chen T., Dong H., Lin T. Institutional Shareholders and Corporate Social Responsibility[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2020,135(2):483-504
[42] 淦未宇. 儒家文化对企业社会责任的影响:基于第十次全国私营企业抽样调查的实证检验[J]. 暨南学报(哲学社会科学版), 2021,43(1):115-132 Gan W. Y. The Impact of the Confucian Culture on the Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Evaluation Based on the 10th Survey Data of China’s Private Enterprises[J]. Jinan Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2021,43(1):115-132
[43] Beck T., Levine R., Levkov A. Big Bad Banks? The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States[J]. The Journal of Finance, 2010,65(5):1637-1667