互联网如何提升制造业企业创新效率：机制与检验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 互联网不仅是推动制造业企业创新驱动发展的重要引擎，也是破解制造业企业“低质低效”创新困境的主要方式。本文构建了一个关于互联网驱动制造业企业创新效率提升的理论分析框架，并利用2012—2019年中国A股制造业上市公司的面板数据，实证检验了互联网对制造业企业创新效率的影响效应及企业成本、企业创新开放度和企业生产技术效率的调节作用。研究发现：（1）互联网对制造业企业创新效率的提升具有显著促进作用，并且在经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。（2）机制检验的结果显示，企业成本、企业创新开放度和企业生产技术效率的调节效应均为正，即互联网通过扩大企业创新开放度和增进企业生产技术效率有效促进了制造业企业创新效率的提升，但企业成本的节约却抑制了互联网驱动制造业企业创新效率的提升。（3）异质性检验的结果表明，互联网对不同地区、不同行业、不同企业性质的制造业企业创新效率的影响存在明显差异，尤其对于中西部制造业企业、资本密集型制造业企业、高资产专用性制造业企业和国有制造业企业而言，互联网驱动创新效率提升的促进作用更加显著。上述研究结果意味着，大力推动互联网对制造业企业的嵌入与应用是驱动制造业企业创新效率提升的重要途径。

关键词: 互联网, 制造业企业, 创新效率, 上市公司

Abstract: The Internet is not only an important engine to promote the innovation-driven development of the manufacturing industry, but also the main way to solve the “low-quality and low-efficiency” innovation dilemma of the manufacturing industry. This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework on the improvement of innovation efficiency of Internet-driven manufacturing enterprises, and uses the panel data of China’s A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2012 to 2019 to empirically test the impact of the Internet on the innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises and the moderating effect of cost, enterprise innovation openness and enterprise production technology efficiency. The research finds: (1) The Internet has a significant role in promoting the innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. (2) The results of the mechanism test show that the adjustment effects of enterprise cost, enterprise innovation openness and enterprise production technology efficiency are all positive, that is, the Internet effectively promotes the innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises by expanding enterprise innovation openness and improving enterprise production technology efficiency. However, the cost saving of enterprises has inhibited the improvement of innovation efficiency of Internet-driven manufacturing enterprises. (3) The results of the heterogeneity test show that the impact of the Internet on the improvement of innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises in different regions, industries, and types of enterprises is significantly different. Especially for manufacturing enterprises in the central and western regions, capital-intensive manufacturing industries, high-asset-specific manufacturing enterprises and state-owned manufacturing enterprises, the promotion effect of Internet-driven innovation efficiency improvement is more significant. The above research results mean that vigorously promoting the embedding and application of the Internet to manufacturing enterprises is an important way to drive the improvement of innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises.

Key words: Internet, manufacturing enterprises, innovation efficiency, listed companies

于斌斌, 蒋南萍, 冯慕佳. 互联网如何提升制造业企业创新效率：机制与检验[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(9): 83-95.

Yu Binbin, Jiang Nanping, Feng Mujia. How the Internet Improves the Innovation Efficiency of Manufacturing Enterprises: Mechanism and Test[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(9): 83-95.

参考文献

[1] Clarke G., Qiang C. Z., Xu L. C. The Internet as a General-purpose Technology: Firm-level Evidence from around the World[J]. Economics Letters, 2015,135(10):24-27
[2] 黄群慧,余泳泽,张松林. 互联网发展与制造业生产率提升:内在机制与中国经验[J]. 中国工业经济, 2019,(8):5-23 Huang Q. H., Yu Y. Z., Zhang S. L. Internet Development and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Industry: Internal Mechanism and China Experiences[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2019,(8):5-23
[3] Gruber H., Haetoenen J., Koutroumpis P. Broadband Access in the EU: An Assessment of Future Economic Benefits[J]. Telecommunications Policy, 2014,38(11):1046-1058
[4] 李焕杰,张远. 互联网改善了制造业要素市场扭曲吗?[J] .科学学研究, 2022,40(5):818-829 Li H. J., Zhang Y. Has the Internet Improved Manufacturing Factor Market Distortions?[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022,40(5):818-829
[5] Fernandes A. M., Mattoo A., Nguyen H., et al. The Internet and Chinese Exports in the Pre-alibaba Era[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2019,138(3):57-76
[6] Hayakawa K., Mukunoki H., Yang C. H. Liberalization for Services FDI and Export Quality: Evidence from China[J]. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2020,55(3):101-126
[7] Mcguire T. M., Manyika J., Chui M. Why Big Data Is the New Competitive Advantage[J]. Ivey Business Journal, 2012，(7/8):1-13
[8] Audretsch D. B., Heger D., Veith T. Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship[J]. Small Business Economics, 2015,44(2):219-230
[9] Calic G., Ghasemaghaei M. Big Data for Social Benefits: Innovation as a Mediator of the Relationship between Big Data and Corporate Social Performance[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2021,131(10):391-407
[10] Joshi K. D., Chi L., Datta A., et al. Changing the Competitive Landscape: Continuous Innovation Through IT-enabled Knowledge Capabilities[J]. Information Systems Research, 2017,21(3):472-495
[11] Wernsdorf K., Nagler M., Watzinger M. ICT, Collaboration, and Innovation: Evidence from BITNET[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2022,211(7):104678
[12] Kong D., Lin C., Wei L., et al. Information Accessibility and Corporate Innovation[J]. Management Science, 2022,68(11):7837-7860
[13] Paunov C., Rollo V. Has the Internet Fostered Inclusive Innovation in the Developing World?[J]. World Development, 2016,78(2):587-609
[14] Wu J., Wu Z., Si S. The Influences of Internet-based Collaboration and Intimate Interactions in Buyer-Supplier Relationship on Product Innovation[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(9):3780-3787
[15] 陈伟,魏轩,李金秋,等. 上市公司社会网络位置与研发效率研究——基于三阶段DEA模型的方法[J]. 管理评论, 2020,32(3):97-109 Chen W., Wei X.， Li J. Q., et al. Research on the Relationship between Enterprises Social Network Position and R&D Efficiency: Based on the Method of Three-stage DEA Model[J]. Management Review, 2020,32(3):97-109
[16] 闫焕民,王子佳,李瑶瑶. 企业“领导者”变更、下属管理层团队重构与创新效率[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(4):238-250 Yan H. M., Wang Z. J., Li Y. Y. The Change of Enterprise “Leaders”, the Restructuring of Subordinate Management Teams and the Efficiency of Innovation[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(4):238-250
[17] 谢斌,许治,陈朝月,等. 民营企业的创新投入与创新效率——基于微观创新调查数据的实证分析[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(1):108-120 Xie B., Xu Z., Chen C. Y., et al. Innovation Investment and Innovation Efficiency of Private Enterprises: An Empirical Analysis Based on Micro Innovation Survey Data[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(1):108-120
[18] 韩先锋,李勃昕,董明放. “互联网+”有助于加速区域创新效率收敛吗?[J]. 科研管理, 2021,42(12):167-174 Han X. F., Li B. X., Dong M. F. Will “Internet+” Help Accelerate the Convergence of Regional Innovation Efficiency?[J]. Research Management, 2021,42(12):167-174
[19] 汪芳,石鑫. 互联网、行业竞争程度与创新效率[J]. 科研管理, 2022,43(9):119-126 Wang F., Shi X. Internet, Industry Competition and Innovation Efficiency[J]. Research Management, 2022,43(9):119-126
[20] 王可,李连燕. “互联网+”对中国制造业发展影响的实证研究[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2018,35(6):3-20 Wang K., Li L. Y. An Empirical Study on the Impact of “Internet+” on the Development of China’s Manufacturing Industry[J]. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 2018,35(6):3-20
[21] 王雅洁,马树强. 互联网对省际工业企业创新效率的影响及路径——创新开放度的中介作用[J]. 科研管理, 2021,42(12):125-134 Wang Y. J., Ma S. Q. The Influence and Path of the Internet on the Innovation Efficiency of Inter-provincial Industrial Enterprises: The Mediating Role of Innovation Openness[J]. Scientific Research Management, 2021,42(12):125-134
[22] Goldfarb A., Tucker C. Digital Economics[J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 2019,57(1):3-43
[23] 施炳展. 互联网与国际贸易——基于双边双向网址链接数据的经验分析[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(5):172-187 Shi B. Z. Internet and International Trade: An Empirical Analysis Based on Bilateral Two-way Website Link Data[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016,51(5):172-187
[24] 李治国,王杰. 数字经济发展、数据要素配置与制造业生产率提升[J]. 经济学家, 2021,(10):41-50 Li Z. G., Wang J. The Development of Digital Economy, the Allocation of Data Elements and the Improvement of Manufacturing Productivity[J]. Economist, 2021,(10):41-50
[25] Brynjolfsson E., Milgrom P. Complementarity in Organizations[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013
[26] 李雷,杨水利,陈娜. “互联网+”、技术异质性与创新效率——基于省际工业企业面板数据研究[J]. 中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 2021,21(3):125-141 Li L., Yang S. L., Chen N. “Internet+”, Technological Heterogeneity and Innovation Efficiency—Based on the Panel Data of Inter-provincial Industrial Enterprises[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences), 2021,21(3):125-141
[27] 蔡跃洲,张钧南. 信息通信技术对中国经济增长的替代效应与渗透效应[J]. 经济研究, 2015,50(12):100-114 Cai Y. Z., Zhang J. N. The Substitution Effect and Penetration Effect of Information and Communication Technology on China’s Economic Growth[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2015,50(12):100-114
[28] 张睿倩,刘昊倬,谢一臻,等. 虚拟集聚型网络关系、制度逻辑差异与数字赋能型企业成长——基于云计算企业的研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021,42(8):92-101 Zhang R. Q., Liu H. Z., Xie Y. Z., et al. Virtual Agglomeration Network Relationship, Institutional Logic Differences and the Growth of Digitally Empowered Enterprises: A Study Based on Cloud Computing Enterprises[J]. Research Management, 2021,42(8):92-101
[29] 施炳展,李建桐. 互联网是否促进了分工:来自中国制造业企业的证据[J]. 管理世界, 2020,36(4):130-149 Shi B. Z., Li J. T. Whether the Internet Promotes the Division of Labor: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises[J]. Management World, 2020,36(4):130-149
[30] Lusch R. F., Nambisan S. Service Innovation: A Service-dominant Logic Perspective[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2015,39(1):155-175
[31] 王金杰,郭树龙,张龙鹏. 互联网对企业创新绩效的影响及其机制研究——基于开放式创新的解释[J]. 南开经济研究, 2018,(6):170-190 Wang J. J., Guo S. L., Zhang L. P. Research on the Impact of the Internet on Enterprise Innovation Performance and Its Mechanism—Based on the Explanation of Open Innovation[J]. Nankai Economic Research, 2018,(6):170-190
[32] 周宇,陈锦强. 互联网驱动实体经济创新发展的效应研究[J]. 福建论坛(人文社会科学版), 2020,(7):39-48 Zhou Y., Chen J. Q. Research on the Effect of the Internet on the Innovation and Development of the Real Economy[J]. Fujian Forum (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2020,(7):39-48
[33] 杜丹清. 互联网助推消费升级的动力机制研究[J]. 经济学家, 2017,(3):48-54 Du D. Q. Research on the Dynamic Mechanism of Internet to Promote Consumption Upgrading[J]. Economist, 2017,(3):48-54
[34] 郭家堂,骆品亮. 互联网对中国全要素生产率有促进作用吗?[J]. 管理世界, 2016,(10):34-49 Guo J. T., Luo P. L. Does the Internet Promote China’s Total Factor Productivity?[J]. Journal of Management World, 2016,(10):34-49
[35] Byun S. K., Oh J. M., Xia H. Incremental vs. Breakthrough Innovation: The Role of Technology Spillovers[J]. Management Science, 2021,67(3):1779-1802
[36] Combes P. P.， Gobillon L. The Empirics of Agglomeration Economies[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015
[37] 涂心语,严晓玲. 数字化转型、知识溢出与企业全要素生产率——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据[J]. 产业经济研究, 2022,(2):43-56 Tu X. Y., Yan X. L. Digital Transformation, Knowledge Spillover and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies in the Manufacturing Industry[J]. Industrial Economics Research, 2022,(2):43-56
[38] Abrell T., Pihlajamaa M., Kanto L., et al. The Role of Users and Customers in Digital Innovation: Insights from B2B Manufacturing Firms[J]. Information and Management, 2016,53(3):324-335
[39] Crescenzi R., Gagliardi L. The Innovative Performance of Firms in Heterogeneous Environments: The Interplay between External Knowledge and Internal Absorptive Capacities[J]. Research Policy, 2018(4):782-795
[40] Bartel A., Ichniowski C., Shaw K. How does Information Technology Affect Productivity? Plant-level Comparisons of Product Innovation, Process Improvement, and Worker Skills[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2007,122(4):1721-1758
[41] Battese G. E., Coelli T. J. A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data[J]. Empirical Economics,1995,20(2):325-332
[42] 杨志强,袁梦,石水平. 产能利用率与债券信用利差——基于随机前沿函数的分析[J]. 财贸研究, 2019,30(7):79-97 Yang Z. Q., Yuan M., Shi S. P. Capacity Utilization Rate and Bond Credit Spread: An Analysis Based on Stochastic Frontier Function[J]. Finance and Trade Research, 2019,30(7):79-97
[43] Yadav N. The Role of Internet Use on International Trade: Evidence from Asian and Sub-Saharan African Enterprises[J]. Global Economy Journal, 2014,14(2):189-214
[44] Yu B. The Impact of the Internet on Industrial Green Productivity:Evidence from China[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022,177(4):121527
[45] 杨德明,刘泳文. “互联网+”为什么加出了业绩[J]. 中国工业经济, 2018,(5):80-98 Yang D. M., Liu Y. W. “Internet +” Why Added Performance[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2018,(5):80-98
[46] 廖筠,魏孟华,赵雪伟. 市场竞争强度对企业开放度的影响:基于吸收能力的调节效应分析[J]. 现代财经(天津财经大学学报), 2023,43(1):103-121 Liao Y., Wei M. H., Zhao X. W. The Impact of Market Competition Intensity on Firm Openness: An Analysis of the Moderating Effect Based on Absorption Capacity[J]. Modern Finance and Economics(Journal of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics), 2023,43(1):103-121
[47] 何光辉,杨咸月. 融资约束对企业生产率的影响——基于系统GMM方法的国企与民企差异检验[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2012,29(5):19-35 He G. H., Yang X. Y. The Effect of Financing Constraints on Firm Productivity: A Difference Test of State-owned Enterprises and Private Enterprises Based on Systematic GMM Method[J]. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 2012,29(5):19-35
[48] 黎文靖,郑曼妮. 实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(4):60-73 Li W. J., Zheng M. N. Substantive Innovation or Strategic Innovation?—The Impact of Macro Industrial Policy on Micro Enterprise Innovation[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016,51(4):60-73
[49] 单春霞,仲伟周,张林鑫. 中小板上市公司技术创新对企业绩效影响的实证研究——以企业成长性、员工受教育程度为调节变量[J]. 经济问题, 2017,(10):66-73 Shan C. X., Zhong W. Z., Zhang L. X. An Empirical Study on the Impact of Technological Innovation on Enterprise Performance of Small and Medium-sized Board listed Companies: Taking Enterprise Growth and Employee Education Level as Moderating Variables[J]. Economic Issues, 2017,(10):66-73
[50] 赵宸宇,王文春,李雪松. 数字化转型如何影响企业全要素生产率[J]. 财贸经济, 2021,42(7):114-129 Zhao C. Y., Wang W. C., Li X. S. How Digital Transformation Affects Firms’ Total Factor Productivity[J]. Finance and Trade Economics, 2021,42(7):114-129
[51] 赵璨,曹伟,姚振晔,等. “互联网+”有利于降低企业成本粘性吗?[J]. 财经研究, 2020,46(4):33-47 Zhao C., Cao W., Yao Z. Y., et al. Is “Internet+” Conducive to Reducing the Cost Stickiness of Enterprises?[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2020,46(4):33-47
[52] 吴延兵. 国有企业双重效率损失研究[J]. 经济研究, 2012,47(3):15-27 Wu Y. B. A Re-study of the Double Efficiency Loss of State-owned Enterprises[J]. Contemporary Economic Science, 2012,47(3):15-27