参与新基建对企业创新绩效的影响研究：理论机制与经验证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新型基础设施是面向数字经济，以5G、大数据中心、工业互联网等为代表的新一代数字基础设施。近年来，随着我国新型基础设施建设规模的不断扩大，企业参与新基建能否以及如何助推创新受到政府与学界的高度关注。本文从理论角度阐释了企业参与新基建业务对其创新绩效的影响，并基于2015—2018年中关村国家自主创新示范区企业数据进行了实证验证。研究发现：第一，企业参与新基建业务能显著提升其创新绩效；第二，优化企业劳动力结构是参与新基建提高创新绩效的主要渠道，而节约管理费用渠道尚不畅通；第三，参与新基建对创新绩效的影响呈所有制中性和规模异质性，企业规模越大，参与新基建的创新促进效果越强。本文的研究结论为充分挖掘数字经济下企业参与新基建的“创新红利”提供了理论支撑和经验证据。

关键词: 新型基础设施, 企业创新, 劳动力结构

Abstract: The new infrastructure is a new generation of digital infrastructure for the digital economy, represented by 5G, big data centers, and industrial Internet. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of China’s new infrastructure construction, whether and how enterprises can participate in new infrastructure to boost innovation has been highly concerned. This paper explains the impact of enterprises’ participation in new infrastructure on their innovation performance and the mechanism underlying the impact from a theoretical perspective, and empirically validates the theoretical hypothesis based on the data of enterprises in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone from 2015 to 2018. The findings are as follows: First, enterprises’ participation in new infrastructure business can significantly improve their innovation performance; Second, optimizing the structure of labor force is the main channel to improve innovation performance, while the channel to save management costs is not robust; Third, the impact of new infrastructure on innovation performance is ownership neutral and scale heterogeneous. The larger the enterprise scale, the stronger the innovation promotion effect of participating in new infrastructure. The research conclusions of this paper provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for fully tapping the “innovation dividend” of enterprises participating in new infrastructure under the digital economy.

Key words: new infrastructure, enterprise innovation, employment structure

郭涛, 郭冬梅, 胡蝶, 尹志锋. 参与新基建对企业创新绩效的影响研究：理论机制与经验证据[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(9): 70-82,106.

Guo Tao, Guo Dongmei, Hu Die, Yin Zhifeng. Research on the Impact of Participation in New Infrastructure Development on Firm Innovation: Theoretical Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(9): 70-82,106.

参考文献

[1] 蔡晓慧,茹玉骢. 地方政府基础设施投资会抑制企业技术创新吗?——基于中国制造业企业数据的经验研究[J]. 管理世界, 2016,(11):32-52 Cai X. H., Ru Y. C. Does Local Government Infrastructure Investment Suppress Corporate Technological Innovation?—An Empirical Study Based on Data of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises[J]. Journal of Management World, 2016,(11):32-52
[2] 施震凯,邵军,浦正宁. 交通基础设施改善与生产率增长:来自铁路大提速的证据[J]. 世界经济, 2018,41(6):127-151 Shi Z. K., Shao J., Pu Z. N. Effects of Quality Improvements in Transportation Infrastructure on Total Factor Productivity Growth: Evidence of Chinese Railway Speed Acceleration[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2018,41(6):127-151
[3] Donaldson D., Hornbeck R. Railroads and American Economic Growth: A Market Access Approach[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2016,131(2):799-858
[4] 李磊,刘常青,韩民春. 信息化建设能够提升企业创新能力吗?——来自“两化融合试验区”的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2022,22(3):1079-1100 Li L., Liu C. Q., Han M. C. Can Informatization Improve the Firm Innovation Capacity?—Evidence from the “Pilot Zones of Integration of Informatization and Industrialization”[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2022,22(3):1079-1100
[5] 李晓华. 面向智慧社会的“新基建”及其政策取向[J]. 改革, 2020,(5):34-48 Li X. H. New Infrastructure Construction and Policy Orientation for a Smart Society[J]. Reform, 2020,(5):34-48
[6] 程立茹. 互联网经济下企业价值网络创新研究[J]. 中国工业经济, 2013,(9):82-94 Cheng L. R. A Study on Innovation Mechanism of Enterprise Value Network from the Perspective of the Internet Economy[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2013,(9):82-94
[7] 韩先锋,宋文飞,李勃昕. 互联网能成为中国区域创新效率提升的新动能吗[J]. 中国工业经济, 2019,(7):119-136 Han X. F., Song W. F., Li B. X. Can the Internet Become a New Momentum to Improve the Efficiency of Regional Innovation in China[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2019,(7):119-136
[8] 谢康,夏正豪,肖静华. 大数据成为现实生产要素的企业实现机制:产品创新视角[J]. 中国工业经济, 2020,(5):42-60 Xie K., Xia Z. H., Xiao J. H. The Enterprise Realization Mechanism of Big Data Becoming a Real Production Factor: From the Product Innovation Perspective[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2020,(5):42-60
[9] 季凯文,罗璐薏,齐江波. 新基建赋能高新技术产业的异质性影响研究——基于空间面板计量模型的实证检验[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(2):28-37 Ji K. W., Luo L. Y., Qi J. B. A Study on the Heterogeneous Impact of New Infrastructure Construction Empowering High-tech Industries—An Empirical Test Based on a Spatial Panel Econometric Model[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(2):28-37
[10] 马荣,郭立宏,李梦欣. 新时代我国新型基础设施建设模式及路径研究[J]. 经济学家, 2019,(10):58-65 Ma R.， Guo L. H., Li M. X. The Mode of Transforming China into New Infrastructure Construction and Its Path Design in the New Era[J]. Economist, 2019,(10):58-65
[11] 郭凯明,王藤桥. 基础设施投资对产业结构转型和生产率提高的影响[J]. 世界经济, 2019,42(11):51-73 Guo K. M., Wang T. Q. Effects of Infrastructure Investment on Structural Change and Productivity Growth[J] .The Journal of World Economy, 2019,42(11):51-73
[12] Graetz G., Michaels G. Robots at Work[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2018,100(5):753-768
[13] 尚文思. 新基建对劳动生产率的影响研究——基于生产性服务业的视角[J]. 南开经济研究, 2020,(6):181-200 Shang W. S. Effects of New Infrastructure Investment on Labor Productivity: Based on Producer Services Perspective[J]. Nankai Economic Studies, 2020,(6):181-200
[14] 郭凯明,潘珊,颜色. 新型基础设施投资与产业结构转型升级[J]. 中国工业经济, 2020,(3):63-80 Guo K. M., Pan S., Yan S. New Infrastructure Investment and Structural Transformation[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2020,(3):63-80
[15] 郭凯明. 人工智能发展、产业结构转型升级与劳动收入份额变动[J]. 管理世界, 2019,35(7):60-77 Guo K. M. Artificial Intelligence, Structural Transformation and Labor Share[J]. Journal of Management World, 2019,35(7):60-77
[16] 陈东,秦子洋. 人工智能与包容性增长——来自全球工业机器人使用的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2022,57(4):85-102 Chen D., Qin Z. Y. Artificial Intelligence and Inclusive Growth: Evidence from International Robot Data[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2022,57(4):85-102
[17] 曹跃群,郭鹏飞,杨玉玲. 网络基础设施投入对区域经济高质量增长的影响研究——基于生产性资本存量的估算[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(3):19-30 Cao Y. Q., Guo P. F., Yang Y. L. Effect of Value-added Trade Surplus and Industrial Value Chain Upgrading on Anti-dumping: Based on US Anti-dumping against China[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(3):19-30
[18] 安同良,杨晨. 互联网重塑中国经济地理格局:微观机制与宏观效应[J]. 经济研究, 2020,55(2):4-19 An T. L., Yang C. How the Internet Is Reshaping China’s Economic Geography: Micro Mechanism and Macro Effects[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2020,55(2):4-19
[19] 钞小静,薛志欣,孙艺鸣. 新型数字基础设施如何影响对外贸易升级——来自中国地级及以上城市的经验证据[J]. 经济科学, 2020,(3):46-59 Chao X. J., Xue Z. X., Sun Y. M. How the New Digital Infrastructure Affects the Upgrading of Foreign Trade: Evidence from Chinese Cities[J]. Economic Science, 2020,(3):46-59
[20] 钞小静,薛志欣. 新型信息基础设施对中国企业升级的影响[J]. 当代财经, 2022,(1):16-28 Chao X. J., Xue Z. X. The Impact of New Information Infrastructure on the Upgrading of Chinese Enterprises[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2022,(1):16-28
[21] 池毛毛,叶丁菱,王俊晶,等. 我国中小制造企业如何提升新产品开发绩效——基于数字化赋能的视角[J]. 南开管理评论, 2020,23(3):63-75 Chi M. M., Ye D. L., Wang J. J. et al. How can Chinese Small- and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises Improve the New Product Development (NPD) Performance? From the Perspective of Digital Empowerment[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2020,23(3):63-75
[22] 孙新波,张明超,王永霞. 工业互联网平台赋能促进数据化商业生态系统构建机理案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(1):322-337 Sun X. B., Zhang M. C., Wang Y. X. Case Study on the Mechanism of Industrial Internet Platform Enablement to Promote the Construction of Digital Business Ecosystem[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(1):322-337
[23] Wang Y., Li X. Mining Product Reviews for Needs-based Product Configurator Design: A Transfer Learning-based Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021,17(9):6192-6199
[24] Kellogg K. C., Valentine M. A., Christin A. Algorithms at Work: The New Contested Terrain of Control[J]. Academy of Management Annuals, 2020,14(1):366-410
[25] 戚聿东,杜博,温馨. 国有企业数字化战略变革：使命嵌入与模式选择——基于3家中央企业数字化典型实践的案例研究[J]. 管理世界, 2021,37(11):137-158 Qi Y. D., Du B., Wen X. Mission Embeddedness and Pattern Selection of Digital Strategic Transformation of SOEs: A Case Study Based on the Typical Practice of Digitalization in Three Central Enterprises[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021,37(11):137-158
[26] 谢康,胡杨颂,刘意,等. 数据要素驱动企业高质量数字化转型——索菲亚智能制造纵向案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(2):328-339 Xie K., Hu Y. S., Liu Y., et al. Data Factor Driven High-quality Digital Transformation of Enterprise—A Longitudinal Case Study of Sogal’s Intelligent Manufacturing[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(2):328-339
[27] Acemoglu D., Restrepo P. The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment[J]. The American Economic Review, 2018,108(6):1488-1542
[28] 陈彦斌,林晨,陈小亮. 人工智能、老龄化与经济增长[J]. 经济研究, 2019,54(7):47-63 Chen Y. B., Lin C., Chen X. L. Artificial Intelligence, Aging and Economic Growth[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2019,54(7):47-63
[29] 肖静华,吴小龙,谢康,等. 信息技术驱动中国制造转型升级——美的智能制造跨越式战略变革纵向案例研究[J]. 管理世界, 2021,37(3):161-179 Xiao J. H., Wu X. L., Xie K., et al. IT-driven Transformation of Chinese Manufacturing: A Longitudinal Case Study on Leap-Forward Strategic Change of Midea Intelligent Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021,37(3):161-179
[30] 尚晏莹,蒋军锋. 工业互联网时代的传统制造企业商业模式创新路径[J]. 管理评论, 2021,33(10):130-144 Shang Y. Y., Jiang J. F. On the Innovation Path of Traditional Manufacturing Firms’ Business Model in the Era of Industrial Internet[J]. Management Review, 2021,33(10):130-144
[31] 杨俊,李小明,黄守军. 大数据、技术进步与经济增长——大数据作为生产要素的一个内生增长理论[J]. 经济研究, 2022,57(4):103-119 Yang J., Li X. M., Huang S. J. Big Data, Technical Progress and Economic Growth: An Endogenous Growth Theory Introducing Data as Production Factors[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2022,57(4):103-119
[32] 施炳展,李建桐. 互联网是否促进了分工:来自中国制造业企业的证据[J]. 管理世界, 2020,36(4):130-149 Shi B. Z., Li J. T. Does the Internet Promote Division of Labor? Evidences from Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises[J]. Journal of Management World, 2020,36(4):130-149
[33] Bartel A., Ichniowski C., Shaw K. How does Information Technology Affect Productivity? Plant-level Comparisons of Product Innovation, Process Improvement and Worker Skills[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2007,122(4):1721-1758
[34] Lyytinen K., Yoo Y., Boland R. J. Digital Product Innovation within Four Classes of Innovation Networks[J]. Information Systems Journal, 2016,26(1):47-75
[35] 顾朝林,曹根榕,顾江,等. 中国面向高质量发展的基础设施空间布局研究[J]. 经济地理, 2020,40(5):1-9 Gu C. L., Cao G. R., Gu J., et al. Research on Spatial Layout of the Infrastructure in China: Toward a High Quality Development[J]. Economic Geography, 2020,40(5):1-9
[36] 李健,张金林,董小凡. 数字经济如何影响企业创新能力:内在机制与经验证据[J]. 经济管理, 2022,44(8):5-22 Li J., Zhang J. L., Dong X. F. How Digital Economy Affects Enterprise Innovation Ability: Internal Mechanism and Empirical Evidence[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2022,44(8):5-22
[37] 孙伟增,郭冬梅. 信息基础设施建设对企业劳动力需求的影响:需求规模、结构变化及影响路径[J]. 中国工业经济, 2021,(11):78-96 Sun W. Z., Guo D. M. The Impact of Information Infrastructure on Enterprise Labor Demand: Change of Labor Demand Scale and Structure, and Its Influence Channel[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2021,(11):78-96
[38] Mann K., Puttmann L. Benign Effects of Automation: New Evidence from Patent Texts[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2023,105(3):562-579
[39] 杨林,段牡钰,刘娟,等. 高管团队海外经验、研发投入强度与企业创新绩效[J]. 科研管理, 2018,39(6):9-21 Yang L., Duan M. Y., Liu J., et al. Top Management Team Overseas Experiences, R&D Investment Intensity and Enterprise Innovation Performance[J]. Science Research Management, 2018,39(6):9-21
[40] 冯根福,郑明波,温军,等. 究竟哪些因素决定了中国企业的技术创新——基于九大中文经济学权威期刊和A股上市公司数据的再实证[J]. 中国工业经济, 2021,(1):17-35 Feng G. F., Zheng M. B., Wen J., et al. What Determines the Chinese Firms’ Technological Innovation—A Re-empirical Investigation Based on the Previous Empirical Literature of Nine Chinese Economics Top Journals and A-share Listed Company Data[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2021,(1):17-35
[41] Venturini F. Intelligent Technologies and Productivity Spillovers: Evidence from the Fourth Industrial Revolution[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022,194:220-243
[42] 王林辉,姜昊,董直庆. 工业智能化会重塑企业地理格局吗[J]. 中国工业经济, 2022,(2):137-155 Wang L. H., Jiang H., Dong Z. Q. Will Industrial Intelligence Reshape the Geography of Companies[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2022,(2):137-155
[43] 潘雅茹,罗良文. 基础设施投资对经济高质量发展的影响:作用机制与异质性研究[J]. 改革, 2020,(6):100-113 Pan Y. R., Luo L. W. The Impact of Infrastructure Investment on High-quality Economic Development: Mechanism and Heterogeneity Research[J]. Reform, 2020,(6):100-113
[44] 黎文靖,郑曼妮. 实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(4):60-73 Li W. J., Zheng M. N. Is It Substantive Innovation or Strategic Innovation? —Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Micro-enterprises’ Innovation[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016,51(4):60-73
[45] Hall B. H., Harhoff D. Recent Research on the Economics of Patents[J]. Annual Review of Economics, 2012, 4(1):541-565
[46] 戴魁早,刘友金. 要素市场扭曲与创新效率——对中国高技术产业发展的经验分析[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(7):72-86 Dai K. Z., Liu Y. J. Factor Market Distortion and Innovation Efficiency: Empirical Evidence of China’s High-tech Industries[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016,51(7):72-86
[47] 盛磊,杨白冰. 新型基础设施建设的投融资模式与路径探索[J]. 改革, 2020,(5):49-57 Sheng L., Yang B. B. Investment and Financing Mode and Paths Exploration of New Infrastructure Construction[J]. Reform, 2020,(5):49-57
[48] 吴延兵. 市场结构、产权结构与R&D——中国制造业的实证分析[J]. 统计研究, 2007,(5):67-75 Wu Y. B. Market Structure, Ownership Structure and R&D—An Empirical Study on Chinese Manufacturing Industry[J]. Statistical Research, 2007,(5):67-75
[49] 刘传明,马青山. 网络基础设施建设对全要素生产率增长的影响研究——基于“宽带中国”试点政策的准自然实验[J]. 中国人口科学, 2020,(3):75-88 Liu C. M., Ma Q. S. Research on the Influence of Network Infrastructure Construction on Total Factor Productivity Growth: A Quasi-natural Experiment of “Broadband China” Pilot Policy[J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2020,(3):75-88
[50] Fisman R., Svensson J. Are Corruption and Taxation Really Harmful to Growth? Firm Level Evidence[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2007,83(1):63-75
[51] 江艇. 因果推断经验研究中的中介效应与调节效应[J]. 中国工业经济, 2022,(5):100-120 Jiang T. Mediating Effects and Moderating Effects in Causal Inference[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2022,(5):100-120
[52] 聂辉华,江艇,杨汝岱. 中国工业企业数据库的使用现状和潜在问题[J]. 世界经济, 2012,35(5):142-158 Nie H. H., Jiang T., Yang R. D. Current Situation and Potential Problems of Database Usage in Chinese Industrial Enterprises[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2012,35(5):142-158