非认知能力对农户相对贫困的影响研究——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国扶贫战略已从消除绝对贫困转向瞄准相对贫困，据此，缓解农户相对贫困是实现共同富裕目标的关键之举。基于新人力资本理论，文章借助中国家庭追踪调查数据，从严谨性、外向性、顺同性、开放性和情绪稳定性五大维度构建非认知能力综合指标，采用Probit模型和中介效应模型，从客观和主观两个维度，系统考察非认知能力对农户相对贫困的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明：非认知能力的提升显著地纾解农户客观和主观相对贫困，且非认知能力每提高一单位，农户发生客观和主观相对贫困概率依次降低28.54%和20.89%。此外，上述五大维度对农户客观和主观相对贫困的影响作用不一。通过工具变量、倾向得分匹配、安慰剂检验等方法检验，上述结论仍成立。进一步分析发现，非认知能力对不同的经济发展水平、户主性别和教育水平的农户客观和主观相对贫困存在明显差异，其中对东部地区、男性户主和高教育水平的农户相对贫困抑制作用更强。机制检验表明，非认知能力通过非农就业和社会资本缓解客观相对贫困，而通过非农就业缓解主观相对贫困。以上研究结论为减轻农户相对贫困和推进共同富裕提供新的解释与证据。

关键词: 非认知能力, 农户相对贫困, 非农就业, 社会资本, 中介机制

Abstract: Reducing the relative poverty of farm families is a crucial step in achieving the objective of collective prosperity because China’s approach to combating poverty has moved from eliminating absolute poverty to targeting at relative poverty. The Probit model and the mediating effect model are used to systematically evaluate the impact of noncognitive ability on the relative poverty of farm households from both objective and subjective criteria and the mechanism underlying the impact. Based on the new human capital theory, this analysis builds a comprehensive index of noncognitive ability from five dimensions: rigor, extroversion, conformity, openness, and emotional stability. According to the findings, farmers’ objective and subjective relative poverty decreases significantly as their noncognitive ability improves. For every unit increase in noncognitive ability, the probability of objective and subjective relative poverty decreases by 28.54% and 20.89%, respectively. Additionally, the five dimensions have various implications for the relative poverty of farm families, both objectively and subjectively. When the aforementioned results are examined using instrumental factors, propensity score matching, and placebo testing, they remain valid. Further research shows that noncognitive ability has very different effects on farm households’ objective and subjective relative poverty, depending on their level of economic development, household head gender and educational level. For example, noncognitive ability has a stronger inhibitory effect on the relative poverty of male-headed and well-educated farm households in eastern China. According to the mechanism test, noncognitive ability reduces objective relative poverty via off-farm employment and social capital, but off-farm employment reduces subjective relative poverty. The aforementioned results provide fresh justifications and supporting data for reducing the relative poverty of farm families and fostering shared prosperity.

Key words: noncognitive ability, relative poverty of farm households, off-farm employment, social capital, mediating mechanism

陆远权, 蒙媛, 陈莉. 非认知能力对农户相对贫困的影响研究——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证分析[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(7): 68-81,95.

Lu Yuanquan, Meng Yuan, Chen Li. A Study of the Impact of Noncognitive Abilities on the Relative Poverty of Farm Households—An Empirical Analysis Based on China Family Panel Studies Data[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(7): 68-81,95.

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