人才激励、企业创新绩效与创新结构扭曲——基于城市人才引进的准自然实验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人才是经济社会发展的第一资源。为进一步破除束缚人才发展的思想观念和体制机制障碍，中共中央于2016年印发《关于深化人才发展体制机制改革的意见》，要求各级政府积极落实推进人才发展体制改革，激发人才工作能效。本文基于中国各城市发布人才引进政策的时点差异构建PSM-DID模型，以A股上市公司为样本，探究中国不断深化的人才体制机制改革是否有助于优化城市人才资源配置，提升企业创新绩效。研究发现：城市人才引进政策的实施显著地促进了当地企业的创新绩效，但也导致了创新结构扭曲，即创新绩效的提升主要是由非发明专利增长所驱动的，对发明创新的影响并不明显。机制检验发现，人才政策嵌套的货币类揽才措施、人才津补贴刺激以及企业内部人才冗余竞争是导致创新结构扭曲的重要缘由。异质性分析发现，人才激励对企业创新绩效及创新结构的影响在西部地区、非高新技术行业以及非国有企业中更为明显。本文进一步深化了人才引进政策对企业创新及创新结构的影响，这对于进一步深化中国的人才市场化改革和创新驱动发展战略都具有重要的理论和实践意义。

关键词: 人才引进政策, 企业创新, 创新结构, 物质激励

Abstract: Talent represents a crucial resource for both economic and social progress. In order to overcome the existing ideological and institutional barriers that impede talent development, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Institutional Mechanism for Talent Development was issued in 2016 by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). This directive mandates the active implementation of institutional reforms by governments at all levels, with the aim of promoting talent development and enhancing efficiency in talent-related initiatives. This study employs a PSM-DID model, leveraging temporal discrepancies in the release of talent introduction policies across various Chinese cities. A sample of A-share listed companies is utilized to investigate whether China’s ongoing reform of the talent institutional mechanism contributes to optimizing the allocation of talent resources within cities and enhancing corporate innovation performance. The findings reveal that the implementation of urban talent introduction policies significantly contributes to the innovation performance of local firms. However, it also leads to distortions in the innovation structure. Specifically, the improvement in innovation performance is primarily driven by non-invention patents, while the impact on invention-based innovation is not significant. Mechanism tests suggest that the nested monetary-type talent solicitation measures, talent subsidy incentives, and intense competition for talents within firms are important factors contributing to the distorted innovation structure. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of talent incentives on firms’ innovation performance and innovation structure is more pronounced in the western region, non-high-tech industries, and non-state-owned enterprises. This study provides deeper insights into the influence of talent introduction policies on firm-level innovation and innovation structure, thereby offering significant theoretical and practical implications for the advancement of China’s talent market-oriented reform and innovation-driven development strategy.

Key words: talent introduction policy, corporate innovation, innovation structure, material incentives

胡珺, 任洋虬. 人才激励、企业创新绩效与创新结构扭曲——基于城市人才引进的准自然实验[J]. 管理评论, 2024, 36(4): 100-114.

Hu Jun, Ren Yangqiu. Talent Incentive, Enterprise Innovation Performance and Distortion of Innovation Structure—Evidence from China’ Talent Introduction Policy[J]. Management Review, 2024, 36(4): 100-114.

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