管理评论 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 45-62.

• 经济与金融管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境规制、要素配置对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响——产出补偿还是创新补偿

袁嘉琪1, 卜伟2, 唐雨妮2   

  1. 1. 国网能源研究院有限公司, 北京 102211;
    2. 北京交通大学经济管理学院, 北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12 出版日期:2023-10-28 发布日期:2023-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 卜伟(通讯作者),北京交通大学经济管理学院教授,博士生导师,博士。
  • 作者简介:袁嘉琪,国网能源研究院有限公司中级研究员,博士;唐雨妮,北京交通大学经济管理学院博士研究生。
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网公司总部科技项目(1400-202257468A-2-0-2N)。

The Influence of Environmental Regulation and Factor Allocation on Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity: Output Compensation or Innovation Compensation

Yuan Jiaqi1, Bu Wei2, Tang Yuni2   

  1. 1. State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102211;
    2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044
  • Received:2021-08-12 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-11-27

摘要: 环境规制对企业生产要素的配置作用是其影响工业绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)的关键。本文将企业内部划分为生产部门和研发部门,构建内生技术进步的经济增长理论模型,分析是否考虑异质性时环境规制对工业GTFP的影响以及要素配置在其中的作用。采用2000—2017年中国30个省份的工业面板数据,利用非导向的、包含非合意产出的EBM-ML模型测算了工业GTFP,并用Tobit面板回归和工具变量对理论假说进行检验。研究发现:(1)“产出补偿效应”和“创新补偿效应”的相对大小影响了环境规制对工业GTFP的作用;(2)环境规制对工业GTFP的直接和间接影响呈倒“U”型,高强度环境规制会抑制工业GTFP的提升,适度增加生产部门要素配置能够有效增强环境规制提升工业GTFP的力度、延长效果的持久性;(3)命令控制型规制对工业GTFP的直接影响呈“U”型,间接影响呈反“N”型,适度增加要素在生产部门的配置比例能够提前命令控制型规制提升工业GTFP的拐点,增强规制对工业GTFP的提升作用;市场激励型规制对工业GTFP的直接和间接影响呈倒“U”型,适度提高要素配置比例能够加快市场激励型规制提升工业GTFP的速度;(4)产业结构升级和产业地区转移是环境规制影响工业GTFP的外部机制,促进技术创新、增强环境污染的协同治理能够有效促进环境规制对工业GTFP的提升作用。

关键词: 环境规制, 绿色全要素生产率, 要素配置, EBM-ML模型, 工具变量法

Abstract: The reason why environmental regulation can influence industrial green total factor productivity (GTFP) lies in its role in allocating corporate production factors. Based on the assumption that an enterprise is divided into R&D department and production department, this paper constructs a theoretical model of economic growth arising from endogenous technological progress to analyze the influence of environmental regulation on industrial GTFP and the role that environmental regulation plays in factor allocation with and without considering heterogeneity. Drawing upon the industrial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017, we use the non-oriented EBM-ML model that contains undesirable output to measure their industrial GTFP, and use Tobit panel regression and instrumental variables to test the theoretical hypothesis. The findings are as follows. (1) The relative magnitude of the “output compensation effect” and the “innovation compensation effect” affects the effect of environmental regulation on industrial GTFP. (2) The influence of environmental regulation on industrial GTFP is in an inverted U-shape. A moderate increase in factor allocation to the production department can effectively enhance and prolong environmental regulation’s role in promoting GTFP. This process will gradually change the capital and labor allocation ratio among the departments. (3) The influence of command and control regulations on industrial GTFP is U-shaped. A moderate increase in factor allocation to the production department enables command and control regulation to promote industrial GTFP in advance and more significantly. Market incentive regulation has a U-shaped influence on industrial GTFP and a moderate increase in the proportion of factor allocation enables market incentive-based environmental regulation to promote industrial GTFP in a faster pace. (4) Industrial structure upgrading and regional transfer of industries are external mechanisms through which environmental regulation influences GTFP. Promoting technological innovation and enhancing the synergistic management of environmental pollution can effectively promote the role of environmental regulation in enhancing industrial GTFP.

Key words: environmental regulation, green total factor productivity, factor allocation, EBM-ML model, instrumental variable method