城市工业环境治理和企业效益:源头预防和末端治理的宏微观影响

管理评论 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 31-42.

城市工业环境治理和企业效益:源头预防和末端治理的宏微观影响

张林^1,2, 安瑶^1,3, 喻筱珺⁴, 方琳⁵

1. 香港城市大学能源及环境学院, 香港 999077;
2. 香港城市大学成都研究院, 成都 610200;
3. 清华大学能源环境经济研究所, 北京 100084;
4. 首都经济贸易大学金融学院, 北京 100070;
5. 淮阴工学院数理学院, 淮安 223003

收稿日期:2021-10-29 出版日期:2023-08-28 发布日期:2023-10-07
通讯作者: 安瑶(通讯作者),清华大学能源环境经济研究所博士后,博士
作者简介:张林,香港城市大学能源及环境学院副教授,香港城市大学成都研究院特聘研究员,博士生导师;喻筱珺,首都经济贸易大学金融学院讲师,博士;方琳,淮阴工学院数理学院副教授,博士
基金资助:
四川省科技厅项目(2019JDR0269；2021JDR0180)。

Industrial Environmental Mitigation and Corporate Performance in Cities: Macro and Micro Evidence of Adjustment to Industrial Structure and End-of-Pile Control

Zhang Lin^1,2, An Yao^1,3, Yu Xiaojun⁴, Fang Lin⁵

1. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077;
2. Chengdu Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610200;
3. Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
4. School of Finance, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070;
5. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003

Received:2021-10-29 Online:2023-08-28 Published:2023-10-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 四川作为中国西部重要的工业地区,一直致力于减排降污,其作为支撑"一带一路"和长江经济带联动发展的战略纽带,在全国经济发展大局中占有重要地位。为了响应"一带一路"区域建设绿色能源共同体、保障各国能源安全的要求,四川省积极推进能源转型,长期致力于天然气消费普及,在绿色能源发展方面领跑全国。本文选取四川省2009-2016年各地级市的宏观数据,构建不同工业污染物排放的成本函数并采用随机前沿分析方法估计工业环境效率。基于此,在燃气普及、产业合理化调整和污染物综合处理视角下,探究源头预防和末端治理对工业环境效率和微观企业生产效益的影响,进而估算其减排潜力,为中国西部地区环境治理提供政策启示。Tobit模型估计结果显示,以燃气普及为特征的能源结构调整会在源头上显著提高地区工业环境效率从而降低工业污染排放;而以合理化配置为目标的产业结构调整未能起到减排降污的源头预防作用;以污染物综合处理为代表的末端治理仅促进了工业SO₂减排,并未对其他污染物排放产生减排效应。固定效应模型估计结果表明,企业效益对地区产业结构反应敏感,位于产业结构合理化地区的企业将表现出更佳的当期综合盈利和未来成长潜力;而能源结构调整和末端治理由于未能积极影响到企业生产成本,从而没能对企业效益产生显著影响。"十三五"期间,四川省通过末端治理手段在控制工业SO₂以及工业烟粉尘排放方面,取得一定成效,实现了预估减排目标;但在源头预防方面,三种工业污染物均未能实现预期的最优减排目标。

关键词: 源头预防, 末端治理, 工业环境效率, 企业效益

Abstract: As an important industrial region in western China, Sichuan has devoted to eliminating pollution challenges over years. It plays an important role in national economic development and supporting the joint development of "Belt and Road" and Yangtze River Economic Belt. In response to the requirement of building a green energy community in the "Belt and Road" region and ensuring the energy security of all countries, Sichuan has been actively promoting energy transformation, committed to the popularization of natural gas, and led the country in the development of green energy. We construct a cost function of different industrial pollutants and estimate the industrial environmental efficiency through stochastic frontier analysis based on the city level data from 2009 to 2016 in Sichuan province. Popularization of natural gas and adjustment for industrial structure is a proxy for the implementation of prevention from source and pollutants governance represents end-of-pipe environmental treatment. Based on this, we explore both effects of prevention from source and pollutants governance on industrial environment efficiency as well profit in enterprise production. Furthermore, we estimate the pollutants reduction potential and provide policy implications on environmental governance in western China. Specifically, the results from Tobit model indicates that popularization of natural gas significantly improves the regional industrial environmental efficiency, thus reducing industrial pollutants. However, adjustments aiming at industrial structural change are less effective in controlling environmental pollution from source. End-of-pile environmental treatment only reduces emissions of sulfur dioxide, while other pollutants are not well managed. From micro level, we find that firms located in regions with well-adjusted industrial structure tend to present higher profits and growth potential. Energy structural adjustment and end-of-pile pollution control have no significant impacts on firm performance, as production costs are not affected under both measures. During the period of "13th Five-Year Plan", Sichuan province achieved the goal to some extent, in controlling industrial SO₂ and industrial soot through end-of-pipe measurement. However, in terms of industrial structure adjustment from source, three industrial pollutants failed to achieve the expected optimal emission reduction target.

Key words: adjustment to industrial structure, end-of-pile governance, industrial environmental efficiency, corporate performance

张林, 安瑶, 喻筱珺, 方琳. 城市工业环境治理和企业效益:源头预防和末端治理的宏微观影响[J]. 管理评论, 2023, 35(8): 31-42.

Zhang Lin, An Yao, Yu Xiaojun, Fang Lin. Industrial Environmental Mitigation and Corporate Performance in Cities: Macro and Micro Evidence of Adjustment to Industrial Structure and End-of-Pile Control[J]. Management Review, 2023, 35(8): 31-42.

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