国家高新区提升了城市创新效率吗?——基于空间集聚调节效应的实证检验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于我国233个城市2000—2016年的数据，采用PSM-DID模型检验设立国家高新区是否提升了城市创新效率，并从城市规模和城市等级层面分析国家高新区对城市创新效率影响的异质性。进一步，引入空间集聚作为调节变量，从要素集聚和产业集聚视角分别探讨国家高新区影响城市创新效率的内在机制。实证结果表明：国家高新区对城市技术研发效率和成果转化效率均产生显著的促进作用。同时，国家高新区对城市创新效率的影响与城市规模及城市等级有关，表现为国家高新区对大型、中型和小型城市创新效率的促进作用优于特大型城市；对二线和三线城市技术研发效率的促进作用优于四线和五线城市，但对成果转化效率的作用低于四线和五线城市。空间集聚调节效应的结果表明，要素集聚显著正向调节了国家高新区对于城市技术研发效率及成果转化效率的影响，产业集聚则显著负向调节了国家高新区对于成果转化效率的影响。此外，要素集聚和产业集聚对于东部和中西部城市创新效率的调节作用存在明显的异质性。本文扩展了国家高新区驱动效应的传导机制，也为探索城市创新效率提升路径提供了事实依据。

关键词: 国家高新区, 城市创新效率, 要素集聚, 产业集聚

Abstract: Based on the data of 233 urbans in China from 2000 to 2016, this paper examines whether national high-tech zones can improve urban innovation efficiency through the PSM-DID model, and then organizes the heterogeneity test from the insight of urban size and urban grade. Further, spatial agglomeration is introduced as a moderating variable to explore an internal path of national high-tech zones on urban innovation efficiency from the insight of production factor agglomeration and industrial agglomeration. Our empirical results indicate that national high-tech zones can significantly improve urban R&D efficiency and technology transformation efficiency. What's more, the effect of national high-tech zones on urban innovation efficiency varies with both urban size and urban grade, which is embodied in the fact that the improvement of national high-tech zones on innovation efficiency of large, medium-sized, and small cities is superior to mega-cities, and such improvement in second-and third-tier cities is better than that in fourth-and fifth-tier cities, while it does not affect the achievement transformation. Based on the results of spatial agglomeration regulation effect, it can be concluded that factor agglomeration significantly positively moderates the effect of national high-tech zones on R&D efficiency and technology transformation efficiency, but industrial agglomeration significantly negatively moderates the effect of national high-tech zones on technology transformation efficiency. In additional, factor agglomeration and industrial agglomeration have an obvious heterogeneity in moderating the innovation efficiency of cities in eastern and mid-western China. This paper expands the transmission mechanism of the driving role of national high-tech zone, and also provides factual evidence for exploring the path of improving urban innovation efficiency.

Key words: national high-tech zones, urban innovation efficiency, factor agglomeration, industrial agglomeration

李婉红, 刘芳, 刘天森. 国家高新区提升了城市创新效率吗?——基于空间集聚调节效应的实证检验[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(5): 93-108.

Li Wanhong, Liu Fang, Liu Tiansen. Can National High-tech Zones Improve the Urban Innovation Efficiency?——An Empirical Test Based on the Effect of Spatial Agglomeration Regulation[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(5): 93-108.

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