管理评论 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 44-51,61.

• 经济与金融管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于DPN模型的我国就业增长影响因素分析

张瑜1,2,3, 杨翠红1,2,3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院, 北京 100190;
    2. 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100049;
    3. 中国科学院管理、决策与信息系统重点实验室, 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-26 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨翠红(通讯作者),中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院研究员,博士生导师,博士,中国科学院大学经济与管理学院教授,中国科学院管理、决策与信息系统重点实验室研究员。
  • 作者简介:张瑜,中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院,中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,中国科学院管理、决策与信息系统重点实验室博士研究生;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71673269;71988101)。

Analysis of the Determinants of China’s Employment Growth Based on DPN Model

Zhang Yu1,2,3, Yang Cuihong1,2,3   

  1. 1. Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;
    2. School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;
    3. Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information Systems, CAS, Beijing 100190
  • Received:2019-06-26 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-05-18

摘要: 研究我国就业增长的主要影响因素,可以为未来扩大就业岗位提供一定的借鉴,具有重要的现实意义。本文基于反映加工贸易的非竞争型投入产出表和结构分解分析模型,将就业增长分解为劳动生产率提高、技术进步和经济增长因素,其中经济增长因素包括消费、资本形成和出口增长因素,基于2002—2007年和2007—2012年两阶段的数据进行了实证研究,并据此提出了若干在经济结构转型升级期确保我国就业增长的政策建议。结果显示,经济增长是各行业就业增长的主动力,劳动生产率提高阻碍了各行业就业增长,技术进步将促进第三产业就业,而对第二产业就业产生压力。在经济增长因素中,消费和资本形成主要促进用于满足国内需求生产的就业,出口主要促进加工出口生产的就业。消费结构、投资结构和出口结构的优化升级有效拉动了第三产业就业,而拉低了第二产业就业。这说明随着消费、投资和出口结构的优化调整,要防范传统制造业部门的结构性失业。

关键词: 就业增长, DPN模型, 结构分解分析, 影响因素

Abstract: Studying the main influencing factors of employment growth in China, as a constructive attempt for future employment expansion, has important practical significance. This paper decomposes the determinants of employment into increased labor productivity factor, technological progress factor, and economic growth factor, using non-competitive input-output table reflecting processing trade and structural decomposition techniques. An empirical study is carried out based on 2002-2007 and 2007-2012 input-output tables. In addition, we raise some policy suggestions which ensure the employment rate during economic structure transformation and upgrading. The results show that, economic growth is the driving force of employment growth in various industries, whereas increased labor productivity hinders employment growth. Technological progress will promote the tertiary industry employment, but exert pressure on the secondary industry employment. Among the factors of economic growth, consumption and capital formation mainly promote D employment and export promotes P employment. Optimizing and upgrading consumption structure, investment structure and export structure effectively stimulates the tertiary industry employment, but decreases the secondary industry employment. Hence, structural unemployment in traditional manufacturing sectors should be prevented as consumption structure, investment structure and export structure get optimized.

Key words: employment growth, DPN model, structural decomposition analysis, influencing factors