员工资质过剩感对越轨创新的U型影响研究:悖论的视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 个体的技能、知识和经验是促进员工创新的重要因素。然而，研究显示，大量的员工感知其资质水平超过了职位的正式要求，因而资质过剩的现象引起了理论界和实践界的关注。基于悖论视角，本文探讨资质过剩感对员工越轨创新的非线性影响机制。以287名高技术企业的员工为分析对象，研究结果表明：①资质过剩感与员工悖论思维之间存在U型关系。②悖论思维在资质过剩感与员工越轨创新行为之间起中介作用。③矛盾体验调节资质过剩感与悖论思维之间的U型关系，相比矛盾体验较弱的个体而言，当个体矛盾体验较强时，资质过剩感与悖论思维的负向关系和正向关系更强。④矛盾体验调节资质过剩感通过悖论思维影响员工越轨创新行为的间接效应。研究结果丰富了资质过剩感对员工行为影响的非线性机制。本研究强调企业管理者要培养个体的悖论思维，引导员工在人-职位不匹配时，有效整合积极情绪和消极情绪之间的张力。

关键词: 资质过剩感, 悖论思维, 矛盾体验, 越轨创新

Abstract: Employees’ skills, knowledge and experiences are important factors to promote their innovation. However, researches show that a large number of employees’ skills, abilities, education and experience are neither required nor utilized on the job. Based on a paradox theory, this study proposes that there is a U-shaped relationship between perceived overqualification and individual paradox mindset, and it in turn plays a non-linear mediating role between perceived overqualification and creative deviance, so it is necessary to further investigate the moderating role of individuals’ experience of tensions. We collect 287 individuals questionaire data and the results show that (1) there is a U-shaped relationship between perceived overqualification and employees’ paradox mindset. (2) paradox mindset plays a non-linear mediating role between perceived overqualifications and employees’ creative deviance. (3) individuals’ experience of tensions modertes the U-shaped relationship. When individuals have strong conflict experience, the negative or positive relationship between perceived overqualification and paradox mindset tends stronger. (4) individuals’ experience of tensions moderates the curvilinear indirect effect through which perceived overqualification affects employee creative deviance behavior. This study enriches the non-linear mechanism of perceived overqualification on employees’ positive behaviors and finds that paradox mindset plays an important role in promoting employees’ creative deviance. The results of this study suggest that human resource managers should cultivate individual paradox mindset and guide employees to effectively integrate the tension between positive emotions and negative emotions when there is a mismatch between people and their position.

Key words: perceived overqualification, experience of tensions, paradox mindset, creative deviance

王朝晖, 段海霞. 员工资质过剩感对越轨创新的U型影响研究:悖论的视角[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(1): 218-227.

Wang Zhaohui, Duan Haixia. The U-shaped Impact of Perceived Over-qualification on Employee Creative Deviance： The Paradox Perspective[J]. Management Review, 2022, 34(1): 218-227.

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