商业银行金融科技对零售贷款的影响——基于年报的文本分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文利用49家上市银行2013—2018年的年报，采用自然语言处理技术和文本分析方法测度了商业银行个体层面各个年度的金融科技发展水平，并实证考察了商业银行金融科技发展水平对零售贷款规模和零售贷款占比的影响。研究发现，商业银行金融科技的发展对零售贷款规模和零售贷款占比都具有显著的正向促进作用，且促进作用对于全国性大型商业银行和随时间推移更为明显。进一步的机制检验结果表明，金融科技是通过改善管理水平、提高风控能力和精准触达客户而发挥作用，表现为金融科技对管理水平较低、风控水平较差、存量客户规模较大的商业银行的零售贷款更具促进作用，并能够显著地提升零售贷款收益率。

关键词: 金融科技, 商业银行, 零售贷款

Abstract: Using 2013-2018 annual reports of 49 Chinese listed banks, this paper employs natural language processing (NLP) and text analysis methods to construct the indicators of fintech development level for listed banks in each year, and then investigates the effects of the development level of bank-level fintech on the scale and proportion of retailing loans. The results show that the development of fintech could drive banks to increase the scale of retail loans and the proportion of retailing loans in total loans, and this effect is more pronounced for large national banks and more prominent over time. Further findings show that the driving role of fintech in retail lending is more pronounced for banks with lower management level, poor risk control ability and larger customer scale, which suggests that the improvement of management level, the enhancing of risk control ability and the precisely reach of customer demand are the underlying mechanisms through which banks' fintech could promote the development of retail lending. Moreover, the retail loans from the banks with higher level of fintech are also associated with higher returns.

Key words: fintech, commercial banks, retail lending

胡俊, 李强, 刘颖琛, 曾勇. 商业银行金融科技对零售贷款的影响——基于年报的文本分析[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(11): 298-311.

Hu Jun, Li Qiang, Liu Yingchen, Zeng Yong. The Impact of Banks' Fintech on Retail Lending:Based on Textual Analysis of Banks' Annual Reports[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(11): 298-311.

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