绿色技术进步、正外部性与中国环境污染治理

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 技术进步的方向将对经济活动的环境结果产生深刻的影响，技术进步由污染型向绿色型的转变，标志着一国经济发展模式从“灰色经济”向“绿色经济”的根本变革。本文在区分污染型技术和绿色技术的基础上，通过将绿色技术引入污染排放方程构建理论模型，着重考察了绿色技术进步及其双重外部性特征对环境污染排放的影响机理，并运用2002—2014年中国35个工业行业的面板数据，采用固定效应模型和差分GMM方法，对理论假设进行了实证检验。结果表明：①中国当前技术进步呈现出显著的污染密集型特征，是导致环境污染排放增加的重要因素；②绿色技术进步有效减少了环境污染的排放，是改善中国环境质量的关键手段；③工业行业全样本回归中，环境规制有效纠正了绿色技术外部性所导致的“市场失灵”，对绿色技术进步的环境改善效应起到了积极的调节作用，然而在污染密集行业的子样本回归中，则未通过显著性检验。最后，根据本文的研究结论，提出相应的政策建议。

关键词: 绿色技术进步, 正外部性, 环境规制, 调节效应, 环境污染治理

Abstract: The direction of technology progress will impact the environment deeply. Transferring from dirty innovation to green innovation marks the fundamental transformation of an economy’s development from a "gray" model to a "green" one. By distinguishing between the dirty technology and green technology, this paper introduces the green technology into a pollution emission equation and establishes a theoretical model to examine how the green technology and its "double externality" affect pollution emissions. Then we adopt the fix-effect model and the differential GMM method to make an empirical test to the theoretical hypotheses, by employing panel data of 35 sectors of China’s industry during 2002-2014. The results show that, (1) not all the technology progress will reduce pollution emissions. China’s current technology innovation mainly refers to dirty technologies which lead to a significant increase in emissions. (2) Green technology progress is crucial means to reduce pollution. The greener the technology is, the greater the pollution abatement effect will be. (3) For the aggregate sample, environmental regulation has played a moderating role and has effectively corrected the "market failure" caused by the positive externality of green technology, further enhanced the environmental improvement effect of green technology progress. But for the subsample of pollution-intensive sectors, the moderating effect of environmental regulation is not significant. Finally, this paper presents corresponding policy suggestions.

Key words: green technology progress, positive externality, environmental regulation, moderating effect, environmental pollution control

谢荣辉. 绿色技术进步、正外部性与中国环境污染治理[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(6): 111-121.

Xie Ronghui. Green Technology Progress, Positive Externality and Environmental Pollution Control of China[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(6): 111-121.

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