新兴国家企业选择专业化战略的情境识别及机制探讨——基于深圳企业的多案例研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

已有研究将发达国家高比例的企业专业化归因于其长期发展形成的强制度环境，那么，弱制度环境下的新兴国家如何推动企业采取专业化发展方式?现实中，中国一些地区（如深圳、广州）已表现出明显的专业化倾向，原因在哪?文章基于环境依赖视角探讨新兴国家的企业专业化问题，通过对深圳的三家专业化企业进行多案例研究，旨在识别该地区影响企业采取专业化发展方式的情境框架，并分析具体的影响机制。研究发现：（1）识别了支持型营商环境、高度市场化、敏捷供应链构成的企业战略选择情境框架。受到改革开放政策、内地庞大市场容量、近港区位优势和全价值链分工等外力作用，以及营商环境、市场环境、供应链之间相互作用内生关系影响，形成了螺旋演进式的情境正向优化模型。（2）外部情境会引致企业固化甚至暂时锁定在专业化战略上。支持型营商环境产生资源集聚效应，高度市场化引导行业分工出现，敏捷供应链形成专业化固化效应。研究解释了新兴国家为何会出现专业化比例提高现象，从情境构建角度拓展了企业战略选择的环境依赖理论，对新兴国家的产业政策调整和企业战略选择实践具有指导意义。

关键词: 新兴国家, 战略选择, 专业化战略, 环境依赖, 情境

Abstract:

The existing researches attribute the high proportion of enterprise specialization in developed countries to the strong institution-al environment formed by its long-term development. Then, how should emerging countries with weak institutional environment promote the adoption of specialized strategy? In reality, some areas in China (such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou) have shown obvious specializa-tion trends. What are the reasons? This paper explores the issue of enterprise specialization in emerging countries based on the perspec-tive of environmental dependence. Through a multiple-case study of three specialized enterprises in Shenzhen, this paper aims to identify the situational framework that influences enterprises in the region to adopt specialized strategy, and analyze the specific impact mecha-nism. By identifying the context framework of corporate strategic choices which include supportive business environment, high-level mar-ketization, and agile supply chain, the study finds that (1) a spiral evolutionary situation optimization model has formed, driven by the national reform and opening-up policy, the huge market capacity of the mainland, the proximity advantage of the port and the division of the full value chain, as well as the interaction between the business environment, the market environment and the supply chain; (2) Ex-ternal situation would lead to solidification and even be temporarily locked in the specialization strategy. The supportive business environ-ment produces resource agglomeration effect, high-level marketization to guide the division of labor in the industry, and the agile supply chain forms specialized solidification effect. This study explains why emerging countries have a high proportion of specialization, and ex-pands the environmental dependence theory of corporate strategic choice from the perspective of situational construction. All these can be used as a reference for emerging countries to adjust their industrial policies and for the relevant companies to develop their strategies.

Key words: emerging countries, strategic choice, specialization strategy, environmental dependence, context

苏敬勤, 张雁鸣, 林菁菁. 新兴国家企业选择专业化战略的情境识别及机制探讨——基于深圳企业的多案例研究[J]. , 2020, 32(1): 309-323.

Su Jingqin, Zhang Yanming, Lin Jingjing. Context Identification and Mechanism Analysis of Why Enterprises Choose Specialization Strategy in Emerging Countries: Based ona Multiple-case Study of the Enterprises in Shenzhen[J]. , 2020, 32(1): 309-323.

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