惯性的双面性：组织惯性与制造企业数字化转型的倒U型关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 企业进行数字化转型需要在战略、资源、架构、认知等方面实现协同变革。然而，完全摈弃惯例、追求过度变革的企业同样可能面临内部稳态丧失、适应成本剧增等问题，进而导致数字化转型失败。本文以组织惯性理论为基础，结合1178家制造业上市企业2013—2023年的面板数据，考察资源惯性与结构惯性这两类组织惯性对企业数字化转型的影响，并探究政策不确定性对上述影响的调节作用。研究结果表明：第一，资源惯性与结构惯性对制造企业数字化转型的影响均呈倒U型，说明适度的资源惯性和结构惯性有利于企业数字化转型。第二，高度政策不确定性分别加剧和减缓了资源惯性、结构惯性与制造企业数字化转型之间的倒U型关系，表现为倒U型曲线分别变得更陡峭和更平缓，表明制造企业在高度政策不确定性下倾向于调整资源配置并增强组织结构的稳定性以推进转型。第三，异质性检验表明，资源惯性对数字化转型的倒U型影响及其与政策不确定性的调节作用，仅在非国有企业、成长期和成熟期企业以及低不确定性感知企业中显著存在；而结构惯性的主效应和受到的调节效应在不同企业间均无显著差异，该结果表明企业对稳定组织结构的需求普遍存在，资源惯性影响的异质性则源于企业资源依赖和信息来源的差异。研究结果不仅为组织惯性及企业数字化转型前因等相关研究提供了理论启示，同时对加快中国制造企业数字化转型、推动高质量发展具有重要现实指导意义。

关键词: 数字化转型, 组织惯性, 资源惯性, 结构惯性, 政策不确定性

Abstract: Digital transformation in enterprises requires coordinated changes in strategy, resources, structure, and cognition. However, companies that completely discard established practices in pursuit of excessive change may also face issues such as the loss of internal stability and a sharp increase in adaptation costs, which could lead to failure in digital transformation. Drawing on organizational inertia theory, this study uses panel data from 1,178 listed manufacturing firms from 2013 to 2023 to examine how resource and structural inertia affect digital transformation and how policy uncertainty moderates these effects. Results show that both types of inertia exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with digital transformation, indicating that moderate inertia promotes transformation. High policy uncertainty strengthens the curvature for resource inertia but flattens it for structural inertia, suggesting that firms adjust resource allocation and enhance structural stability to adapt. Heterogeneity tests reveal that the inverted U-shaped effect of resource inertia and its interaction with policy uncertainty exist mainly in non-state-owned, growth-stage, and mature firms with low perceived uncertainty. In contrast, structural inertia shows consistent effects across firms, reflecting a universal need for stability. These findings enrich understanding of organizational inertia as an antecedent of digital transformation and offer practical insights for advancing transformation in Chinese manufacturing enterprises.

Key words: digital transformation, organizational inertia, resource inertia, structural inertia, policy uncertainty

张克群, 江昱坤. 惯性的双面性：组织惯性与制造企业数字化转型的倒U型关系研究[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(10): 199-211.

Zhang Kequn, Jiang Yukun. Double-sided Inertia: Research on the Inverted U-shaped Relationship between Organizational Inertia and Manufacturing Enterprise Digital Transformation[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(10): 199-211.

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