数据要素的绿色创新效应——基于公共数据开放的准自然实验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国的公共数据开放政策尚处于起步阶段，被视为推动数据要素释放社会经济价值的重要战略。然而，该政策是否能够促进企业绿色创新，仍有待深入研究。本文以地方政府开通数据开放平台作为准自然实验，通过双重差分法系统考察了公共数据开放对企业绿色创新活动的影响。研究发现，公共数据开放显著提升了企业绿色创新水平。机制分析表明，公共数据开放通过强化环境规制、激发公众关注以及优化企业能力，进一步推动了绿色创新。进一步分析发现，公共数据开放的绿色创新效应在曾受过环保处罚的企业、国有企业、位于高污染地区的企业以及融资约束较强的企业中更为显著。本文丰富了有关公共数据开放经济后果及其作用机制的相关研究，为激活公共数据要素市场活力、推动数字政府建设提供了有益参考。

关键词: 数据要素, 公共数据开放, 企业绿色创新

Abstract: China’s public data openness policy is still in its early stages and is regarded as a key strategy for unlocking the socioeconomic value of data elements. However, whether such a policy can effectively promote green innovation among enterprises remains an open question. This study treats the launch of local government open data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to systematically examine the impact of public data openness on corporate green innovation. The results show that public data openness significantly enhances the level of green innovation in firms. Mechanism analyses reveal that this effect operates through strengthened environmental regulation, increased public attention, and improved firm capabilities. Further heterogeneity analysis indicates that the green innovation effect of public data openness is more pronounced among firms that have previously received environmental penalties, state-owned enterprises, firms located in heavily polluted areas, and those facing strong financing constraints. This paper contributes to the literature on the economic consequences and underlying mechanisms of public data openness and provides valuable insights for invigorating the data element market and advancing the development of a digital and service-oriented government.

Key words: data elements, open public data, corporate green innovation

周阔, 付怡鑫, 时运通, 曲植. 数据要素的绿色创新效应——基于公共数据开放的准自然实验[J]. 管理评论, 2026, 38(10): 103-113.

Zhou Kuo, Fu Yixin, Shi Yuntong, Qu Zhi. Green Innovation Effect of Data Elements: A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on Open Public Data[J]. Management Review, 2026, 38(10): 103-113.

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