如何应对创业失败污名？印象管理策略对后续创业合法性的影响

管理评论 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 104-113.

• 创新与创业管理 • 上一篇

如何应对创业失败污名？印象管理策略对后续创业合法性的影响

熊壮¹, 杨世琦¹, 鲁锦涛², 闫俊周¹, 王朋举³

1. 郑州航空工业管理学院商学院, 郑州 450015;
2. 太原科技大学经济与管理学院, 太原 030024;
3. 中原工学院系统与工业工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450007

收稿日期:2022-12-08 发布日期:2025-07-10
作者简介:熊壮（通讯作者），郑州航空工业管理学院商学院副教授，硕士生导师，博士；杨世琦，郑州航空工业管理学院商学院硕士研究生；鲁锦涛，太原科技大学经济与管理学院教授，硕士生导师，博士，山西大学经济与管理学院博士生导师；闫俊周，郑州航空工业管理学院商学院教授，硕士生导师，博士；王朋举，中原工学院系统与工业工程技术研究中心副教授，硕士生导师，博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（72002206）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（20YJC630171）；中原工学院校级青年骨干教师培养计划（2021XQG11）；河南省高校哲学社会科学应用研究重大项目（2023-YYZD-27）；郑州航空工业管理学院科研团队支持计划专项资助（23ZHTD02004）；教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（23YJA630067）；山西省高等学校创新人才支持计划（中青年拔尖创新人才）项目（20191043）。

How to Cope with the Stigma of Entrepreneurial Failure? The Repair of Entrepreneurial Failure by Impression Management Strategy

Xiong Zhuang¹, Yang Shiqi¹, Lu Jintao², Yan Junzhou¹, Wang Pengju³

1. School of Business, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015;
2. School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024;
3. Center of Systems and Industrial Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007

Received:2022-12-08 Published:2025-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 如何通过印象管理策略缓解创业失败污名的负面影响，现有研究尚未形成系统的理论解释。通过2个实验探讨了创业失败企业在遭受污名情境下实施印象管理策略对后续创业合法性的影响机制及其边界条件。结果表明：相较于防御性策略，获得性策略缓解创业失败污名对后续创业合法性负面影响的效果更好。防御性策略实施基础上采用获得性策略对后续创业合法性的提升效果更为显著。企业声誉中介了防御性策略和获得性策略与后续创业合法性的关系。低污名水平时，单一类型的印象管理策略就能起到缓解创业失败污名负面影响的效果；而高污名水平时，同时实施两种策略才能显著提升后续创业合法性。研究结论为创业失败企业实施印象管理策略应对失败污名提供了理论指导。

关键词: 创业失败污名, 印象管理策略, 后续创业合法性, 实验法

Abstract: Existing studies have not formed a systematic theoretical explanation for the mechanism of impression management strategies affecting the stigma of entrepreneurial failure. Through two experiments, this study explores the impact and boundary conditions of impression management strategies on the legitimacy of subsequent entrepreneurship of failed entrepreneurial firms in the context of being stigmatized by entrepreneurial failure. Results show that: compared to the defensive strategies in impression management, acquisitive strategies have a better effect in alleviating the negative impact of entrepreneurial failure stigma on the legitimacy of subsequent entrepreneurship. Adopting acquisitive strategies on the basis of defensive strategy implementation has a more significant effect on promoting the legitimacy of subsequent entrepreneurship. Corporate reputation plays a mediating effect in the relationship between impression management strategy and subsequent entrepreneurial legitimacy. When suffering from low stigma level, a single type of impression management strategy can alleviate the negative impact of stigma of entrepreneurial failure; when suffering from high stigma level, two strategies are required at the same time to significantly enhance the legitimacy of subsequent entrepreneurship. The conclusions provide theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial failure enterprises to implement impression management strategies to cope with failure stigma.

Key words: stigma of entrepreneurial failure, impression management strategy, legitimacy of subsequent entrepreneurship, experimental method

熊壮, 杨世琦, 鲁锦涛, 闫俊周, 王朋举. 如何应对创业失败污名？印象管理策略对后续创业合法性的影响[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(6): 104-113.

Xiong Zhuang, Yang Shiqi, Lu Jintao, Yan Junzhou, Wang Pengju. How to Cope with the Stigma of Entrepreneurial Failure? The Repair of Entrepreneurial Failure by Impression Management Strategy[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(6): 104-113.

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如何应对创业失败污名？印象管理策略对后续创业合法性的影响

How to Cope with the Stigma of Entrepreneurial Failure? The Repair of Entrepreneurial Failure by Impression Management Strategy

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