数字化创新与企业员工薪酬竞争力

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 企业员工薪酬竞争力是影响员工队伍稳定和战略执行的关键因素。本文利用2010—2022年中国A股上市公司数据考察了数字化创新对企业员工薪酬竞争力的影响，发现其显著提升了员工薪酬在行业中的竞争力，且对低分位企业影响更为显著。同时，数字化创新对工业行业、技术密集型行业和资本密集型行业的企业，知识产权保护力度较强和营商环境较优城市的企业，以及技术人员占比较高和CEO具有信息技术背景企业的影响更为明显。从机制上看，上述影响主要通过提升财务绩效和人力资本实现。此外，数字化创新扩大了企业内部薪酬差距，而员工薪酬竞争力负向调节了上述影响。同时，员工薪酬竞争力的提升扩大了数字化创新对企业成长的促进效应。

关键词: 数字化创新, 企业员工薪酬竞争力, 人力资本, 财务绩效, 内部薪酬差距

Abstract: An enterprise’s employee salary competitiveness is a key factor that affects the stability of its staff and the implementation of its corporate strategy. This paper examines the impact of digital innovation on the competitiveness of employee compensation using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022. This paper shows that digital innovation has a significant promoting effect on employee salary competitiveness, and has a more significant impact on the salary competitiveness in industrial, technology-intensive and capital-intensive sectors, enterprises located in areas with strong intellectual property protection and better business environment, enterprises with high proportion of technical personnel and enterprises whose CEO has a background in information technology. Further research shows that digital innovation improves employee salary competitiveness by improving their financial performance and human capital. In addition, digital innovation and the increase of employee salary competitiveness can enhance the growth of enterprises. Unlike digital innovation which enlarges the internal salary gap, employee salary competitiveness narrows the gap.

Key words: digital innovation, enterprise employee salary competitiveness, human capital, financial performance, pay gap

李宏兵, 孙丽棠, 李震. 数字化创新与企业员工薪酬竞争力[J]. 管理评论, 2025, 37(12): 28-40.

Li Hongbing, Sun Litang, Li Zhen. Digital Innovation and Enterprise Salary Competitiveness[J]. Management Review, 2025, 37(12): 28-40.

参考文献

[1] Ambrose M. L., Harland L. K., Kulik C. T. Influence of Social Comparisons on Perceptions of Organizational Fairness[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991,76(2):239-246
[2] 熊毅,洪荭. 员工薪酬竞争力对企业风险承担的影响研究[J]. 管理学报, 2022,19(10):1456-1467 Xiong Y., Hong H. Research on the Impact of Employee Salary Competitiveness on Corporate Risk Taking[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2022,19(10):1456-1467
[3] 张会丽,赵健宇,陆正飞. 员工薪酬竞争力与上市公司员工持股[J]. 金融研究, 2021,(1):169-187 Zhang H. L., Zhao J. Y., Lu Z. F. Employee Salary Competitiveness and the Adoption of Employee Stock Ownership Plan[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2021,(1):169-187
[4] Yulia, Najmi L., Iskandar I. The Influence of Incentives and Compensation on the Employee Performance of the Education Agency of Nagan Raya District:The Role of Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable[J]. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2023,8(1):95-108
[5] 徐灿宇,李烜博,梁上坤. 董事会断裂带与企业薪酬差距[J]. 金融研究, 2021,(7):172-189 Xu C. Y., Li X. B., Liang S. K. Board Faultlines and the Firm Pay Gap[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2021,(7):172-189
[6] 柳光强,孔高文. 高管经管教育背景与企业内部薪酬差距[J]. 会计研究, 2021,(3):110-121 Liu G. Q., Kong G. W. Managers' Economic Education Background and Firm's Inner Pay Gap[J]. Accounting Research, 2021,(3):110-121
[7] Tavoletti E., Cohen E. D., Dong L., et al. Revisiting Equity Theory in the Global Virtual Teams[J]. Management Research Review, 2024,47(5):840-858
[8] 肖土盛,孙瑞琦,袁淳,等. 企业数字化转型、人力资本结构调整与劳动收入份额[J]. 管理世界, 2022,38(12):220-237 Xiao T. S., Sun R. Q., Yuan C., et al. Digital Transformation, Human Capital Structure Adjustment and Labor Income Share[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022,38(12):220-237
[9] 魏志华,王孝华,蔡伟毅. 税收征管数字化与企业内部薪酬差距[J]. 中国工业经济, 2022,(3):152-170 Wei Z. H., Wang X. H., Cai W. Y. Digital Tax Enforcement and the Firm Pay Gap[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2022,(3):152-170
[10] Acemoglu D., Restrepo P. The Race between Man and Machine:Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment[J]. American Economic Review, 2018,108(6):1488-1542
[11] 陈德球,张雯宇. 企业数字化转型与管理层激励[J]. 经济管理, 2023,45(5):132-150 Chen D. Q., Zhang W. Y. Enterprise Digital Transformation and Management Incentives[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2023,45(5):132-150
[12] 徐朝辉,王满四. 数字化转型对企业员工薪酬的影响研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2022,(9):108-119 Xu C. H., Wang M. S. Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation on Employee Compensation[J]. China Soft Science, 2022,(9):108-119
[13] 翟少轩,王欣然. 制造业数字化转型与薪酬差距——基于企业内部与企业间的收入不平等研究[J]. 软科学, 2023,37(12):7-14 Zhai S. X., Wang X. R. Manufacturing Digital Transformation and Pay Gap:Intra-Firm and Inter-Firm Income Inequality[J]. Soft Science, 2023,37(12):7-14
[14] Malik A. R., Singh P. Outcomes of Talent Management:The Role of Perceived Equity[J]. Employee Relations:The International Journal, 2022,44(2):277-293
[15] Yoo Y., Henfridsson O., Lyytinen K. Research Commentary-The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation:An Agenda for Information Systems Research[J]. Information Systems Research, 2010,21(4):724-735
[16] Nambisan S., Lyytinen K., Majchrzak A., et al. Digital Innovation Management:Reinventing Innovation Management Research in a Digital World[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2017,41(1):223-238
[17] 黄勃,李海彤,刘俊岐,等. 数字技术创新与中国企业高质量发展——来自企业数字专利的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2023,58(3):97-115 Huang B., Li H. T., Liu J. Q., et al. Digital Technology Innovation and the High-quality Development of Chinese Enterprises:Evidence from Enterprise's Digital Patents[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2023,58(3):97-115
[18] 曲永义. 数字创新的组织基础与中国异质性[J]. 管理世界, 2022,38(10):158-174 Qu Y. Y. The Organizational Basis of Digital Innovation and China's Heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022,38(10):158-174
[19] 韩文海,苏敬勤. 耗散驱动适应效应:数字化创新的主导逻辑——基于A网约车平台的纵向案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2023,35(3):320-336 Han W. H., Su J. Q. Dissipation-Driven Adaptation:The Dominant Logic of Digital Innovation-Based on an Online Ride-Hailing Platform's Longitudinal Case Study[J]. Management Review, 2023,35(3):320-336
[20] 张延林,邓福祥,唐洪婷. CIO自身技能、需求方领导力与数字化创新[J]. 管理评论, 2021,33(11):145-156 Zhang Y. L., Deng F. X., Tang H. T. Effects of CIO Skills and Demand-side Leadership on Digital Innovation[J]. Management Review, 2021,33(11):145-156
[21] Rouen E. Rethinking Measurement of Pay Disparity and Its Relation to Firm Performance[J]. Accounting Review, 2020,95(1):343-378
[22] 孔东民,徐茗丽,孔高文. 企业内部薪酬差距与创新[J]. 经济研究, 2017,52(10):144-157 Kong D. M., Xu M. L., Kong G. W. Pay Gap and Firm Innovation in China[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2017,52(10):144-157
[23] 赵春明,班元浩,李宏兵,等. 企业数字化转型与劳动收入份额[J]. 财经研究, 2023,49(6):49-63 Zhao C. M., Ban Y. H., Li H. B., et al. Enterprise Digital Transformation and Labor Income Share[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2023,49(6):49-63
[24] Ciriello R. F., Richter A., Schwabe G. Digital Innovation[J]. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 2018,60(6):563-569
[25] 崔淼,周晓雪. 克服组织惯性:数字化战略更新的实现及演进路径研究[J]. 科研管理, 2022,43(10):89-98 Cui M., Zhou X. X. Overcoming Organizational Inertia:A Study of the Realization and Evolution Path of Strategic Renewal towards Digitalization[J]. Science Research Management, 2022,43(10):89-98
[26] Opland L. E., Pappas I. O., Engesmo J., et al. Employee-driven Digital Innovation:A Systematic Review and a Research Agenda[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2022,143:255-271
[27] 刘政,姚雨秀,张国胜,等. 企业数字化、专用知识与组织授权[J]. 中国工业经济, 2020,(9):156-174 Liu Z., Yao Y. X., Zhang G. S., et al. Firm's Digitalization, Specific Knowledge and Organizational Empowerment[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2020,(9):156-174
[28] Adner R., Puranam P., Zhu F. What Is Different about Digital Strategy?From Quantitative to Qualitative Change[J]. Strategy Science, 2019,4(4):253-261
[29] 姚加权,张锟澎,郭李鹏,等. 人工智能如何提升企业生产效率?——基于劳动力技能结构调整的视角[J]. 管理世界, 2024,40(2):101-116 Yao J. Q., Zhang K. P., Guo L. P., et al. How Does Artificial Intelligence Improve Firm Productivity?Based on the Perspective of Labor Skill Structure Adjustment[J]. Journal of Management World, 2024,40(2):101-116
[30] Koenker R., Bassett G. Regression Quantiles[J]. Econometrica, 1978,46(1):33-50
[31] 张勋,杨紫,谭莹. 数字经济、家庭分工与性别平等[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2023,23(1):125-141 Zhang X., Yang Z., Tan Y. Digital Economy, Household Labor Division,and Gender Equality[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2023,23(1):125-141
[32] Baker A. C., Larcker D. F., Wang C. C. Y. How Much should We Trust Staggered Difference-in-Differences Estimates?[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2022,144(2):370-395
[33] 吴超鹏,唐菂. 知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效——来自中国上市公司的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(11):125-139 Wu C. P., Tang D. Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement,Corporate Innovation and Operating Performance:Evidence from China's Listed Companies[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016,51(11):125-139
[34] 白景坤,刘畅. 战略性新兴产业政策与技术重叠——基于企业生态位视角[J]. 经济管理, 2024,46(7):20-35 Bai J. K., Liu C. Strategic Emerging Industry Policy and Technology Overlap:Based on the Perspective of the Enterprise Niche[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2024,46(7):20-35
[35] 张三保,康璧成,张志学. 中国省份营商环境评价:指标体系与量化分析[J]. 经济管理, 2020,42(4):5-19 Zhang S. B., Kang B. C., Zhang Z. X. Evaluation of Doing Business in Chinese Provinces:Indicator System and Quantitative Analysis[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2020,42(4):5-19
[36] 牛志伟,许晨曦,武瑛. 营商环境优化、人力资本效应与企业劳动生产率[J]. 管理世界, 2023,39(2):83-100 Niu Z. W., Xu C. X., Wu Y. Business Environment Optimization, Human Capital Effect and Firm Labor Productivity[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023,39(2):83-100
[37] 李瑞敬,李育昆,袁蓉丽,等. 高管信息技术背景与自愿性信息披露——基于业绩预告的实证分析[J]. 管理评论, 2022,34(12):264-275 Li R. J., Li Y. K., Yuan R. L., et al. Managers' Information Technology Background and Voluntary Information Disclosure:Evidence from Management Earnings Forecast[J]. Management Review, 2022,34(12):264-275
[38] 黄钟仪,向玥颖,熊艾伦,等. 双重网络、双元拼凑与受孵新创企业成长:基于众创空间入驻企业样本的实证研究[J]. 管理评论, 2020,32(5):125-137 Huang Z. Y., Xiang Y. Y., Xiong A. L., et al. Research on the Relationship among Dual Networks, Dual Bricolage and the Growth of Incubated Start-ups:An Empirical Study Based on the Start-ups in the Crowd Innovation Space[J]. Management Review, 2020,32(5):125-137